Why School Uniforms Should Be Required. - 727 Words

This is an everlasting debate that whether school uniforms should be worn or casual clothing is as good. And like most of the popular debate in the world it has no concrete answer, it totally depends on a person’s beliefs actually. For some it is a benefit for others a disadvantage. I believe public schools should require students to wear uniforms. First wearing school uniforms promotes good discipline. Second it reduces distractions. Thirdly it is a far less expensive to buy school uniforms than many other clothes. First off school uniforms should be required because they promote good discipline. As well as school uniforms would reduce arguments over fashionable clothing. I have realized that children invariably tease those who do†¦show more content†¦They are becoming far less expensive than many other clothes. Schools argue that school uniforms are economical, especially compared to designer clothing, and parents agree given school uniform durability. They say scho ol uniforms last longer because they are made for repeated wash and wear. Parents can get used school uniforms at discount prices, or just use them as hand-me-downs between siblings. When school districts begin to discuss the idea of school uniforms, parentsShow MoreRelatedWhy School Uniforms Should Be Required1333 Words   |  6 Pages The Need for School Uniforms School is a place to learn, grow and acquire the necessary fundamentals to become a productive adult in society. I believe school uniformity create an environment where kids can learn and focus on their education. School uniforms should be required in grades pre-kindergarten to twelfth grade. I recognize that school uniforms create structure and discipline, equality and a sense of belonging amongst each other, and lastly school uniforms are cost effective. There haveRead MoreStudents Should Be Required to Wear Uniforms801 Words   |  4 Pages 2013 All Students Should Be Required To Wear Uniforms Dress code has always been a problem in schools because students often times don’t adhere to the rules on what they can and cannot wear to school. While clothing is a minor issue when it comes to education; wearing uniforms does seem to improve an educational environment. Are school uniforms good or bad? There are many reasons why students should be required to wear uniforms. Students should be required to wear uniforms because it creates anRead MoreSchool Uniforms: A Bad Idea Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pageshigh schools in the United States is parents and their children against the enforcement of their school’s uniform policy. More schools have been adopting uniform policies within the past decade. Rules contained in the policy that are implemented range from wearing certain types of tops (shirts) in specified colors to students being required to tuck in their shirts. In the past, uniforms were exclusively for students who attended private schools because they were â€Å"well-off†, but now uniforms areRead MoreWhy School Uniforms And Low Income Areas1512 Words   |  7 Pages Why are required school uniforms always discussed in low income areas vs. medium or high income areas? The fact that required uniforms are well established in low income areas.The question is why are required uniforms so popular in low income areas?Will require school uniforms in low income areas in Chicago drive students to become more successful? It seems that there are no reasons for middle/higher income areas to implement these required policies since there are a lower percent of â€Å"at risk† studentRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Wearing School Uniform1523 Words   |  6 PagesScientific research shows that school uniforms make the student appear smarter and more well-behaved, according to Behling (1994). In the experimental study, Behling found that when students wore uniforms, they were perceived in a more positive light by both their peers and by t eachers too. The research is based on the theory of person perception. Person perception theory suggests that a persons clothing and appearance lead to the formation of first impressions, and those first impressions can lastRead MorePersuasive Against School Uniforms716 Words   |  3 Pagesyou think school uniforms will help your child not become bullied? Well, you’re wrong. Studies are showing that school uniforms are beginning to cause bullying instead of preventing it. School uniforms are becoming a bigger and bigger problem in today’s society. They are very expensive, they do not allow students to express themselves, and they are not helpful for students to try and find out who they are. On average parents will pay close to $300 per child every year for school uniforms. StudentsRead MoreSchool Uniforms : A Veil Of Creativity1615 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish III Honors 12 November 2015 School Uniforms : A Veil of Creativity Although the uniform requirement has just been recently imposed, uniforms have been in existence for several centuries now. The first documented usage of a ‘standard’ garment in education was in 1222, where students were required to wear a â€Å"cappa clausa† or a robe-like outfit. School uniforms make schools a less happier place. School uniforms restricts self expression. Having required uniforms in a school’s curriculum negativelyRead MoreThe Fashion Industry1447 Words   |  6 Pagesdecorative cities but also into the lives and environments of public schools and their students. The insertion of so called â€Å"fashion† into the public school environment can be taken either as noble or corrupt; however in this case, there is nothing spectacular about the so called â€Å"fashion† and or â€Å"self-representation† that students are claiming to be wearing in today’s society. Not only has the non-uniform policies at public schoo ls aloud students to wear pretty much whatever they want, with some exceptionsRead MoreThe Importance Of Uniforms In Schools813 Words   |  4 PagesStudents from schools with a uniform policy say that uniforms have affected the way they feel about themselves in an unsatisfactory way. Uniforms are proven to slow down the transition into becoming an adult because students are not used to choosing their own clothing. Wearing a uniform opens an opportunity for students to judge each other’s bodies based on how they look and it creates room for drama and bullying. The uniforms can also obstruct a student from expressing themselves. Schools should not requireRead MoreSchool Uniforms Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesHigh schools that require students to wear school uniforms can be found around the world and have even been proven to function better than some schools that don’t require their students to wear uniforms. If Smackover High School required their student body to wear uniforms, it would come with quite a few benefits for the students, teachers, and parents. My view is that SHS should issue school uniforms. One perk to uniforms is that the cost of school uniforms would be less than if parents had to

Custom Dissertation Writing Service Guide

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The First Reading By Sarah Helene Duggin - 973 Words

In the first reading by Sarah Helene Duggin, compared the Obama care reform introduced by Obama and the New Deal reform introduced by Roosevelt. She highlights how these two reform are similar because in both there are two categories of people. There is people are favorable to the reform while other see the reform as a threat. For Sarah, these two cases have brought up major constitutional principles such as the separation of powers, taxing and spending power and Commerce Power. Finally, the author demonstrate that the opponent is these two reforms seems to be the business sector which see the reform as a threat for the economy. Nonetheless, the author claimed that the best way to ensure political accountability to the ACA is to allow the political process to take its course in congress and believe that constitutional question relative to federalism over individual power and limit of federal power shouldn’t impact the healthcare reform. In the second reading by Richard Saltman, for the author, the health care insurance exchange only benefit those who lacked insurance before. The ones who had a good insurance before will have some important annual deductible and have seen their premium increase to 30-60%. For Richard, the fact that the opposition has never turned into a political action is due to the failure of the opposition Republican Party and their incapacity to propose alternative strategy. Richard concludes by saying that The Supreme Court ruling in favor of the federal

Uterine Fibroid Control & Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Janet Jackson. Answer: Etiology Pathophysiology of Uterine Fibroids/Leiomyoma Leiomyomas are monoclonal tumors that develop from just a single uterine mutated smooth muscle cell which divides and eventually creates rubbery mass that is distinctively firm within the uterine muscles (Agnihotri, 2016). Some chromosomal rearrangements including translocations trigger the growth proliferation of these leiomyomas.Collectively, genetic changes, hormones and growth factors contribute to growth of leiomyomas (Lipman, et al, 2015). Estrogen and progesterone hormones whose role includes stimulating the uterine lining development during menstrual cycles in readiness for pregnancy promote leiomyoma development. The leiomyomas have more estrogen and/or progesterone receptors as compared to normal cells in the uterine muscles (Lerner et al, 2016). Their patterns of growth however, vary and can be rapid, slow or just remain constant in size. They shrink at menopause due to the decrease in estrogen and progesterone production(Mackenzie Johnson, 2010). Growth factors like the transforming growth factor- (subscript) 3, the basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin growth factor and the epidermal growth factor which are all mitogenic also contribute to fibroid growth as they are likely effectors in promoting estrogen and progesterone hormonal activities. Leiomyomas can either remain in the uterine muscular layer or even protrude outwardly becoming subserosal in location. Those which protrude inwardly towards the endometrial cavity become submucous fibroids(Agnihotri, 2016). Both the subserosal and submucous fibroids can become elongated forming a stalk of tissue. The abnormal vaginal bleeding which normally accompanies uterine fibroid presence results from distortion of ones endometrial lining (Engh Hauso, 2012). Cavity distortion causes second trimester loss in patients while leiomyomas which obstruct ones menstrual flow normally results to dysmenorrhea (Dain Abramov, 2011). Large leiomyomas contributes to extensive effects on the contiguous organs like the bladder and the bowel. This effect brings about symptoms like urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence, and constipation among affected women. The fibroids can even outstrip their own blood supply and lead to acute and/or chronic pain while they degenerate (Bhalerao et al, 2011 ). On the other hand, submucous uterine fibroids that have been pedunculated often dilate ones uterine cervix, prolapse into their vagina and get infected. It is believed that the bleeding which results from fibroid is caused by dilatation of venules in the myometrium and the endometrium thus interfering with fibrin and platelet plug hemostatic action. Heavy menses among individuals with uterine fibroids is caused by the ulcerations on the submucosal uterine fibroid surfaces. Other causes of heavy menses in these individuals include the fibroid-related anovulation, endometrial-surface-area increase and the normal uterine contractility interference (Agnihotri, 2016). Therefore, the interaction of the growth factors, hormones, and the genetic changes in the myometrium bring about the development and proliferation of leiomyomas. Pathophysiology of the Patients Post-operative Deterioration From the observation, it is clear that the patients vital signs are deteriorating and therefore Janet requires immediate stabilization. The patient is undergoing hypovolemic shock which occurs particularly when the circulatory system does not have sufficient amounts of blood to meet the bodys requirements (Fletcher, et al, 2010). The low blood pressure as observed in the patient occurs due to the insufficient amounts of blood for the heart to pump. The condition is followed by high pulse rate and decreased urinary output. Normally, the blood pressure for an individual at rest should be 120/80mm Hg. Lower blood pressure beyond 90/60mm Hg as seen in Janet (90/50 mm Hg) indicates potential post operation hemorrhage (Dain Abramov, 2011). General anesthesia including the mechanical ventilation used during the surgery, usually impair the pulmonary function thus decreasing oxygenation in the period after anesthesia. This also contributed to loss of breath and low blood pressure as observed in the patient. General anesthesia drugs also reduce the functional residual capacity to about half of the bodys pre-anesthesia value (Fletcher, et al, 2010). The loss of breath is also a result of pulmonary atelectasis which is the collapsing of a section of the lungs, a condition that is contributed to by anesthetic drugs (Shetty et al, 2014). Pulmonary atelectasis occurs in about 85- 90% of any given healthy adults. The combination of atelectasis, ventilation perfusion mismatch and the alveolar hypoventilation contributes to postoperative hypoxemia among patients. The patient is experiencing hypoxemia as seen by her high respiration rate of 30 breaths per minute as compared to the maximum normal of 20 breaths per minute. Her cigarette smoking effect reduces the lung function while increasing mucous production (Mackenzie Johnson, 2010). Being a smoker, Jane has a hindered circulation caused by plaque deposits in blood vessels and narrowed vessels. These factors interact with the low amounts of blood to bring about hypoxemia, high respiration rate, and a faster heart beat as homeostatic responses of the body to recover. Nursing Management From the deteriorating vital signs, it is apparent that Janet is undergoing a suspected postoperative hemorrhage. Studies indicate that postoperative hemorrhage particularly after vaginal hysterectomy presents first as bleeding through the vagina some hours after surgery. In this case, the patient could be bleeding particularly from the cuff within the vagina (Shiota et al, 2011). Secondly, the patient can have little vaginal bleeding but present with deteriorating vital signs including a low blood pressure, rapid pulse, high respiration rate, flank and/or abdominal pain. This is mainly associated with retroperitoneal hemorrhage (Agnihotri, 2016). Since there is a patient controlled analgesic, the patient has 0/10 pain. The nursing management therefore in this case includes rapid diagnosis, vital-sign stabilization, blood replacement and further, a continuous surveillance of the patient. To control the suspected hemorrhage and hypoxemia the nursing management must ensure that they secure the airway for the patient, arrest bleeding and also replace the lost volume (Shetty et al, 2014). The multidisciplinary team should first carry out patient oxygenation and this involves intubating and using the mechanical ventilator, in order to increase the amount of oxygenated blood reaching vital organs and prevent further shock. Secondly, there is need to restore the body fluid volume and in this case, the nursing team should create two intravenous lines for fluid resuscitation of the patient and administer normal saline (Mackenzie Johnson, 2010). This also should include blood transfusion. The current indwelling urinary catheter should be left in place to ensure that urinary output is monitored. If hypotension persists even after the first bolus of normal saline, the team should administer packed red blood cells. This should also be the case if the patients Hgb goes below 6 gm /dL. This limits the crystalloid dilution effect and also boosts the bloods oxygen-carrying capacity (Shiota et al, 2011). The patients Hgb should be maintained above 7 gm/dL. The patient can also be administered with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) especially if her INR is more than 2. On the other hand, platelets are necessary particularly when the patients thrombocyte count goes below 50,000 mm3 (Shetty et al, 2014). Further, the patient should have a cryoprecipitate if her fibrinogen level is below 80 100 mg/dL. Thirdly, drug therapy to support the patients blood pressure should be started after sufficient fluid resuscitation. Inotropes like dopamine or dobutamine, and vasopressors such as norepinephrine or phenylephrine are ideal (Agnihotri, 2016). Antibiotics can also be given as treatment to prevent sepsis while H2blockers like famotidine (Pepcid) and or cimetidine should be given to prevent ulceration of the gastric mucosa. To remedy hemorrhage cause, which could be a bleeding vaginal cuff, the nursing team should confirm any bright red blood coming out of the vagina despite the administered clotting factors (Ali Iskaros, 2015). This sign shows that the patient should immediately be taken back to the operation room for wound inspection and exploration, to inform immediate appropriate suturing and/or ligation. The patient can be treated with hemostatic agents including the VIIa (NovoSeven), and the Desmopressin (DDAVP) to promote blood clotting (Shetty et al, 2014). Antifibrinolytics like aprotinin (Trasylol) and/or aminocaproic acid should be started to prevent any breaking of clots which could be forming at the vaginal cuff. In vaginal hysterectomy, a vessel can retract from a tie and/or ligature leading to bleeding either retroperitoneally or intraperitoneally (Shiota et al, 2011). Extremely brisk bleeding means there is need for an exploratory laparotomy to enable the examining of the pelvis, identifying and isolating the bleeding vessels, and arresting the bleeding accordingly. Where localization of bleeding to a certain pelvic vessel is difficult, the doctors can ligate the hypogastric artery/arteries (Shetty et al, 2014). Minimal vaginal bleeding along with the indicated deteriorating vital signs, should imply suspected retroperitoneal hemorrhage. They should order immediate hematocrit, after which blood transfusion can be done. Brisk bleeding can also be controlled via selective angiographic embolization (Bhalerao et al, 2011). When there is adequate exposure the pelvis, there is need for the peritoneum above the potentially formed hematoma to be opened to evacuate blood (Shiota et al, 2011). Every bleeding vessel should then be identified for ligation. After hemostasis has been achieved, the patients pelvis should then be drained through the closed system. These approaches can thus help in stabilizing the patients vital signs and prevent mortality. Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team The Social Worker The social worker will provide assistance to the patient and her three children in regard to handling their overwhelming stress (Shaw et al, 2014). According to Dubus (2010), a social worker should help patients to better understand and/or adjust to their condition, expel any fears and rid related anxiety on treatment. They can also provide patients with extensive information on financial counseling, spiritual services, ethical issues considered, and available support groups referrals (Bowen, 2014). The social workers can introduce behavior change to the patient in regard to smoking. Physical and/or Occupational Therapist A physical therapist is important as they provide services to the patient which restore their functioning, improve their mobility, and bring about relieve from pain. This therapist will help assist the patient in preventing and/or limiting potential permanent physical disabilities (Shaw et al, 2014). An occupational therapist on the other hand will carry out a complete assessment of the impact of vaginal hysterectomy on the patients later activities at home, at work, and during recreation. Their combined effort helps to reduce the patients risk of potential disability both physically and psychologically. The Family The family should offer the patient emotional support by visiting and being close (Shaw et al, 2014). Family members can be invited to help in making medical decisions in agreement with the patient and also the patients behalf. The family in partnership the critical care team can offer to share critical relevant crucial information regarding the patient for decision making (Bowen, 2014). This can help inform on the possible financial support, referral groups among other social factors that can promote the patients health post-operation. References Agnihotri, S. (2016). Assessment and treatment of uterine fibroids.Prescriber,27(6), 28-33. Ali, R., Iskaros, J. (2015). P10.08: Effect on sexual function after uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids.Ultrasound In Obstetrics Gynecology,46, 156-156. Bhalerao, A., Kawthalkar, A., Ghike, S., Joshi, S. (2011). Complications during Vaginal Hysterectomy: How to get over Them?.Journal Of SAFOG With DVD,3, 60-62. Bowen, L. (2014). The multidisciplinary team in palliative care: A case reflection.Indian Journal Of Palliative Care,20(2), 142 Clarke, D., Forster, A. (2015). Improving post-stroke recovery: the role of the multidisciplinary health care team.Journal Of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 433. Dain, L., Abramov, Y. (2011). Factors affecting the feasibility of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy during vaginal hysterectomy for uterine prolapse.Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology,51(4), 307-309. Dubus, N. (2010). Who Cares for the Caregivers? Why Medical Social Workers Belong on End-of-Life Care Teams.Social Work In Health Care,49(7), 603-617. Engh, M., Hauso, W. (2012). Vaginal hysterectomy, an outpatient procedure.Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica,91(11), 1293-1299. Fletcher, N., Saed, M., Abu-Soud, H., Al-Hendy, A., Diamond, M., Saed, G. (2013). Uterine fibroids are characterized by an impaired antioxidant cellular system: potential role of hypoxia in the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids.Journal Of Assisted Reproduction And Genetics,30(7), 969-974. Lerner, V., Malacarne, D., Lam, C. (2016). Teaching Vaginal Hysterectomy Using Vaginal Hysterectomy Task Trainer.Journal Of Minimally Invasive Gynecology,23(7), S21. Lipman, J. (2015). Awareness of uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) as a treatment option for uterine fibroids in a community-based practice.Journal Of Vascular And Interventional Radiology,26(2), S138. Mackenzie, M., Johnson, J. (2010). Primary intent vaginal hysterectomy: outcomes for common contraindications to vaginal approach hysterectomy.Gynecological Surgery,8(2), 135-143. Shaw, D., Davidson, J., Smilde, R., Sondoozi, T., Agan, D. (2014). Multidisciplinary Team Training to Enhance Family Communication in the ICU*.Critical Care Medicine,42(2), 265-271. Shetty, J., Shanbhag, A., Pandey, D. (2014). Converting Potential Abdominal Hysterectomy to Vaginal One: Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy.Minimally Invasive Surgery,2014, 1-5. Shiota, M., Kotani, Y., Umemoto, M., Tobiume, T., Shimaoka, M., Hoshiai, H. (2011). Total abdominal hysterectomy versus laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus total vaginal hysterectomy.Asian Journal Of Endoscopic Surgery,4(4), 161-165. Williams, E. (2013). Holistic Medical CareThe Role of Chaplains in a Multidisciplinary Team.Health And Social Care Chaplaincy,11(1), 9-16.

Why Fast Food is Unhealthy free essay sample

In today’s age of convenience, fast food needs no introduction. Everyone from a two year old to a sixty year old seems to be enjoying it. Why not? It’s delicious, it’s filling, it’s affordable, and available just any time of the day. What more can you ask for when you are living life in the fast lane? Well fast food all good tastes, except that it is not nutritionally balanced and, therefore, unhealthy in the long run if consumed on a regular basis. Even though some people say that eating fast food is healthy because they get certain types of fast food like salads or chicken, it not the real stuff. They make it seem like it is but its not. They also choose fast foods because it is inexpensive than most other food choices. Fast foods contain lots of calories, sugar, sodium and unhealthy fats substances that increase your risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Fast Food is Unhealthy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Increased health risks are directly associated with increased consumption of fast foods. Yet, as prices for fast foods increase the consumption and health risks decrease. Eating healthier foods may reduce your health risks and your costs. (Roizman) On the McDonalds website if you get 1 Big Mac, 1 Double Cheeseburger, 1 Large Fries, and 1 Large Coke you would get 1,770 Calories, 77 grams of fat, 1,430 milligrams of sodium, and 219 grams of Carbs for all about $9 which is not healthy if consumed on the daily basis. (McDonalds) In the short reading by Eric Schlosser Why the Fries Taste Good Fast food increases your weight. Body Mass Index(BMI) is an indicator of body fat that is measured according to your weight and height. The higher your BMI, the higher your risk of obesity and chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, gallstones and cancer. Research by the Department of Economics and Institute for Health Research and Policy in 2009 found the price of fast food is statistically associated with BMI of teenagers, particularly among families in low to middle socioeconomic status. The low cost of fast food influenced weight gain, the report showed. Consuming fast food may increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. Scientists estimate the popularity of type 2 diabetes will increase 300 percent in the United States in the next 40 years, from 10 percent to 33 percent of the population. Research by scientists at the Department of Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 2010 discovered that increasing the price of fast food items by $1, reduced the amount of calorie intake from these foods, decreased weight gain and lowered insulin resistance, risk factors for obesity and type 2 diabetes. The research suggests the US government should consider policies aimed at altering the price of fast foods to steer Americans toward eating healthier foods and reducing the risks of chronic diseases. The total annual health care cost to treat diabetes is estimated at $174 billion. Fast food restaurants use processed foods with high amounts of sodium to flavor your meals. Sodium is a risk factor for high blood pressure and stroke, the third leading cause of death in the United States. Scientists at the University of Michigan predict that the treatment of strokes will cost the United States $2. 2 trillion by 2050 unless Americans change their eating habits and maintain normal blood pressure. Fast food restaurants predominantly serve meals in big portion sizes with higher amounts of calories than you need and contain additive ingredients such as preservatives, flavorings, sweeteners, sodium and colors. Many restaurants are increasing the costs for fast foods with prices as high as $10 per person and over $30 or $40 for a family of four in some locations. Purchasing healthy food ingredients and preparing meals at home can save you money.

Three Domain System

Three Domain System The Three Domain System, developed by Carl Woese, is a system for classifying biological organisms. Over the years, scientists have developed several systems for the classification of organisms. From the late 1960s, organisms had been classified according to a Five Kingdom system. This classification system model was based on principles developed by Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus, whose hierarchical system groups organisms based on common physical characteristics. The Three Domain System As scientists learn more about organisms, classification systems change. Genetic sequencing has given researchers a whole new way of analyzing relationships between organisms. The current system, the Three Domain System, groups organisms primarily based on differences in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structure. Ribosomal RNA is a molecular building block for ribosomes. Under this system, organisms are classified into three domains and six kingdoms. The domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The kingdoms are Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria), Eubacteria (true bacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Archaea Domain This domain contains single-celled organisms known as archaea. Archaea have genes that are similar to both bacteria and eukaryotes. Because they are very similar to bacteria in appearance, they were originally mistaken for bacteria. Like bacteria, Archaea are prokaryotic organisms and do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. They also lack internal cell organelles and many are about the same size as and similar in shape to bacteria. Archaea reproduce by binary fission, have one circular chromosome, and use flagella to move around in their environment as do bacteria. Archaea differ from bacteria in cell wall composition and differ from both bacteria and eukaryotes in membrane composition and rRNA type. These differences are substantial enough to warrant that archaea have a separate domain. Archaea are extreme organisms that live under some of the most extreme environmental conditions. This includes within hydrothermal vents, acidic springs, and under Arctic ice. Archaea are divided into three main phyla: Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Korarchaeota. Crenarchaeota include many organisms that are hyperthermophiles and thermoacidophiles. These archaea thrive in environments with great temperature extremes (hyperthermophiles) and in extremely hot and acidic environments (thermoacidophiles).Archaea known as methanogens are of the Euryarchaeota phylum. They produce methane as a byproduct of metabolism and require an oxygen-free environment.Little is known about Korarchaeota archaea as few species have been found living in places such as hot springs, hydrothermal vents, and obsidian pools. Bacteria Domain Bacteria are classified under the Bacteria Domain. These organisms are generally feared because some are pathogenic and capable of causing disease. However, bacteria are essential to life as some are part of the human microbiota. These bacteria preform vital functions, such as enabling us to properly digest and absorb nutrients from the foods we eat. Bacteria that live on the skin prevent pathogenic microbes from colonizing the area and also aid in the activation of the immune system. Bacteria are also important for the recycling of nutrients in the global ecosystem as they are primary decomposers. Bacteria have a unique cell wall composition and rRNA type. They are grouped into five main categories: Proteobacteria: This phylum contains the largest group of bacteria and includes E.coli, Salmonella, Heliobacter pylori, and Vibrio. bacteria.Cyanobacteria: These bacteria are capable of photosynthesis. They are also known as blues include Borrelia burgdorferi (cause Lyme disease) and Treponema pallidum (cause syphilis). Eukarya Domain The Eukarya domain includes eukaryotes or organisms that have a membranes include algae, amoeba, fungi, molds, yeast, ferns, mosses, flowering plants, sponges, insects, and mammals. Comparison of Classification Systems Five Kingdom System: MoneraProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya Domain Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Three Domain System As we have seen, systems for classifying organisms change with new discoveries made over time. The earliest systems recognized only two kingdoms (plant and animal). The current Three Domain System is the best organizational system we have now, but as new information is gained, a different system for classifying organisms may later be developed.

A Teachers Basic Guide to Making a Referral

A Teachers Basic Guide to Making a Referral A referral is a process or steps a teacher takes to get extra assistance for a student that they work directly with on a regular basis. In most schools, there are three distinct types of referrals. Those include referrals for disciplinary issues, referrals for special education evaluations, and referrals to receive counseling services.   A referral is completed when a teacher believes that a student needs some intervention to help them overcome obstacles that may be preventing them from being successful. All referral situations are dictated by the behavior and/or actions of the student. Teachers need professional development and training to recognize specific signs that would indicate when a student may have an issue that requires a referral. Prevention training is more appropriate for discipline referrals, but recognition training would be beneficial for referrals associated with special education or counseling.   Each type of referral has distinct steps that a teacher must follow according to school policy. With the exception of a counseling referral, a teacher must establish that they have attempted to improve the issue before making a referral. Teachers should document any steps that they have taken to help a student improve. Documentation helps establish a pattern which ultimately justifies the need for a referral. It may also help those involved with the referral process in establishing a plan to help the student grow. This process can take a lot of time and extra effort on the teachers part. Ultimately, the teacher must prove that they have exhausted all of their individual resources in most cases before making a referral. Referral for Discipline Purposes A discipline referral is a form a teacher or other school personnel writes up when they want the principal or school disciplinarian to deal with a student issue. A referral typically means that the issue is a serious issue, or it is an issue in which the teacher has tried to handle on without any success. Key Questions to Ask Before Making a Disciplinary Referral Is this a serious issue (i.e. fight, drugs, alcohol) or potential threat to other students that requires immediate attention by an administrator?If this is a minor issue, what steps have I taken to handle the issue myself?Have I contacted the students parents and involved them in this process?Have I documented the steps that I have taken in an attempt to correct this issue? Referral for a Special Education Evaluation A special education referral is a request for a student to be evaluated to determine whether the student is eligible to receive special education services that may include areas such as speech language services, learning assistance, and occupational therapy.  The referral is typically a written request by either the students parent or their teacher. If the teacher is completing the referral, he or she will also attach evidence and samples of work to show why they believe the student needs to be evaluated. Key Questions to Ask Before Making a Special Education Referral What are the exact issues that the student has that lead me to believe that special education services are appropriate?What evidence or artifacts can I produce that supports my belief?What documented steps of intervention have I taken to try to help the student improve before making a referral?Have I discussed my concerns with the childs parents also gaining insight into the childs history? Referral for Counseling Services A counseling referral can be made for a student for any number of legitimate concerns. Some common reasons include: A student is going through a traumatic family issue (i.e. divorce, death in the family).A student exhibits signs of depression and/or withdrawal.A students grades suddenly drop or there is a drastic change in behavior.  A student cries often, gets sick daily, or expresses anger/frustration regularly.A student who has difficulty functioning in the classroom (i.e. behavior issues, will not do work, skips school often, extreme aggressiveness).