Custom Dissertation Writing Service Guide

Custom Dissertation Writing Service Guide The web is an appropriate destination about them in an effort to come across affordable dissertation writing services. From Ottawa to Vancouver and the other cities in the nation of Canada you'll be in a position to find access to our website at any moment. Our service is most likely one of the very best among others, for the time being, as we accomplish everything punctually and give you outstanding superior paper written from scratch. Not to mention our services come at an inexpensive price tag. Remember that you may look at the testimonials of our customers there too. The thesis writing services we provide to our clients are excellent, with no errors whatsoever. There are lots of unique services throughout the internet, which offer writing thesis support. Feel free to look for reviews and you'll locate many satisfied clients. When you are in need of a dissertation or thesis, select the most trusted, custom-writing service in t he business to assist you. Our dissertation service is highly regarded within the business and considered among the ideal dissertation writing services out there. In such circumstance, professional dissertation help can arrive in handy. Whether you require urgent assistance with thesis or dissertation, we can supply you with precisely what you're looking for. As soon as your order is accepted, you can quit worrying about deadlines. What you should do is to fill out the purchase form, make a payment, and in a couple minutes, you will receive your individual essay helper. If you would like to know why ordering custom dissertation writing at Order-Essay is an excellent concept, then we've got a plenty of reasons for you. Upon receiving your purchase, if you're unsatisfied at all, simply request a revision on your purchase page. What Needs to be Done About Custom Dissertation Writing Service There is the customary degree of formatting for virtually any paper, obviously, but sin ce dissertations can quite often include things like several works by exactly the same author, extreme care is necessary to create sure the formatting reflects the differences between all of these, and is consistent throughout the job. You will get a custom written dissertation direct to your inbox according to your instructions. There are various strategies to writing any custom made research paperwork. Sometimes you don't have enough writing proficiency or capability to deal with everything that's pushed on you. You may speak to our friendly customer service representatives at any moment before you decide if you wish to get a dissertation example. Be it a purchase inquiry, a review or another issue you prefer to address, you shouldn't be shy to get in touch with us. Due to how the services we provide are available throughout the year, it's possible to easily place your purchase anytime and get superior assistance regardless of what subject you require it with. Dissertation -writing services may be obtained on line. Dissertation writing is just one of the most troublesome assignments a student can be given. When you wish to order custom dissertation writing from us we will supply you with a totally free quote. If writing dissertations is apparently a nerve-wracking endeavor that's right for you, then it is preferable to assign it to an academic writing service. Writing dissertations and conceptualising a best dissertation format is an intricate endeavor for dissertation writers. Custom Dissertation Writing Service - the Conspiracy The precise FirstStep together with dissertation lettering might be the planning stage. All you require for a personalized dissertation are available here. New Step by Step Roadmap for Custom Dissertation Writing Service Whenever your recommendation is a good one, then you find it possible to know you may trust the writers from the dissertation writing services, and you've got a closeby friend who can answer any que stion you've got about the procedure for hiring and working with a specialist writer online. You just need to look at our dissertation writing reviews to find the fact of that statement. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Custom Dissertation Writing Service Once you place an order for custom dissertation assistance, you are going to have a group of experts assigned to your undertaking. No wonder you're looking into our dissertation assistance services! Therefore, it's high time to address all of your thesis-related problems in 1 go by ordering our thesis writing help. Should you need dissertation help, you've come to the proper location! The first point to keep an eye out for in a customized dissertation writing service is the way cheap their work is. If not you might realize that all your hard work will just bring about your writing being rejected back to you. Undoubtedly, good work requires a lot of time, work, and talents. In fact, it's a good deal of routine and boring wo rk. Custom Dissertation Writing Service Fundamentals Explained Dissertation writing isn't only time-consuming but in addition takes a good deal of effort to craft an impressive paper. Our thesis paper writing service is something which we are extremely pleased with. If you opt to entrust our professional thesis writers with your task, you're obtain a distinctive and refined paper that meets all of your requirements. The dissertation services be certain your thesis paper won't be pushed to the wayside. Since you cannot avoid having to write this kind of assignment in the duration of your studies, we've produced a fantastic service which brings together experts from over 40 unique specializations. You don't wish to lose out on the money-saving prospect! Writing a dissertation requires a whole lot of concentration, efficient resources and a certain sum of knowledge in the matter. Our dissertation writing service can make sure that you have the mark you want to move on a unive rsity or to be the most recent hire in the career you desire. The Secret to Custom Dissertation Writing Service There's no need to be worried about the caliber of content. Dissertation writing service providers are a few of such options which not only aid you to finish the work faster, but in addition, impart understanding of the several elements involved with the discipline. Thus, you are going to be in a position to look at the grade of research and writing before ordering the remainder of the document. It is a fact that now a lot is dependent on the standard of writing and the perfect selection of the writing company is a key to success.

The First Reading By Sarah Helene Duggin - 973 Words

In the first reading by Sarah Helene Duggin, compared the Obama care reform introduced by Obama and the New Deal reform introduced by Roosevelt. She highlights how these two reform are similar because in both there are two categories of people. There is people are favorable to the reform while other see the reform as a threat. For Sarah, these two cases have brought up major constitutional principles such as the separation of powers, taxing and spending power and Commerce Power. Finally, the author demonstrate that the opponent is these two reforms seems to be the business sector which see the reform as a threat for the economy. Nonetheless, the author claimed that the best way to ensure political accountability to the ACA is to allow the political process to take its course in congress and believe that constitutional question relative to federalism over individual power and limit of federal power shouldn’t impact the healthcare reform. In the second reading by Richard Saltman, for the author, the health care insurance exchange only benefit those who lacked insurance before. The ones who had a good insurance before will have some important annual deductible and have seen their premium increase to 30-60%. For Richard, the fact that the opposition has never turned into a political action is due to the failure of the opposition Republican Party and their incapacity to propose alternative strategy. Richard concludes by saying that The Supreme Court ruling in favor of the federal

Uterine Fibroid Control & Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Janet Jackson. Answer: Etiology Pathophysiology of Uterine Fibroids/Leiomyoma Leiomyomas are monoclonal tumors that develop from just a single uterine mutated smooth muscle cell which divides and eventually creates rubbery mass that is distinctively firm within the uterine muscles (Agnihotri, 2016). Some chromosomal rearrangements including translocations trigger the growth proliferation of these leiomyomas.Collectively, genetic changes, hormones and growth factors contribute to growth of leiomyomas (Lipman, et al, 2015). Estrogen and progesterone hormones whose role includes stimulating the uterine lining development during menstrual cycles in readiness for pregnancy promote leiomyoma development. The leiomyomas have more estrogen and/or progesterone receptors as compared to normal cells in the uterine muscles (Lerner et al, 2016). Their patterns of growth however, vary and can be rapid, slow or just remain constant in size. They shrink at menopause due to the decrease in estrogen and progesterone production(Mackenzie Johnson, 2010). Growth factors like the transforming growth factor- (subscript) 3, the basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin growth factor and the epidermal growth factor which are all mitogenic also contribute to fibroid growth as they are likely effectors in promoting estrogen and progesterone hormonal activities. Leiomyomas can either remain in the uterine muscular layer or even protrude outwardly becoming subserosal in location. Those which protrude inwardly towards the endometrial cavity become submucous fibroids(Agnihotri, 2016). Both the subserosal and submucous fibroids can become elongated forming a stalk of tissue. The abnormal vaginal bleeding which normally accompanies uterine fibroid presence results from distortion of ones endometrial lining (Engh Hauso, 2012). Cavity distortion causes second trimester loss in patients while leiomyomas which obstruct ones menstrual flow normally results to dysmenorrhea (Dain Abramov, 2011). Large leiomyomas contributes to extensive effects on the contiguous organs like the bladder and the bowel. This effect brings about symptoms like urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence, and constipation among affected women. The fibroids can even outstrip their own blood supply and lead to acute and/or chronic pain while they degenerate (Bhalerao et al, 2011 ). On the other hand, submucous uterine fibroids that have been pedunculated often dilate ones uterine cervix, prolapse into their vagina and get infected. It is believed that the bleeding which results from fibroid is caused by dilatation of venules in the myometrium and the endometrium thus interfering with fibrin and platelet plug hemostatic action. Heavy menses among individuals with uterine fibroids is caused by the ulcerations on the submucosal uterine fibroid surfaces. Other causes of heavy menses in these individuals include the fibroid-related anovulation, endometrial-surface-area increase and the normal uterine contractility interference (Agnihotri, 2016). Therefore, the interaction of the growth factors, hormones, and the genetic changes in the myometrium bring about the development and proliferation of leiomyomas. Pathophysiology of the Patients Post-operative Deterioration From the observation, it is clear that the patients vital signs are deteriorating and therefore Janet requires immediate stabilization. The patient is undergoing hypovolemic shock which occurs particularly when the circulatory system does not have sufficient amounts of blood to meet the bodys requirements (Fletcher, et al, 2010). The low blood pressure as observed in the patient occurs due to the insufficient amounts of blood for the heart to pump. The condition is followed by high pulse rate and decreased urinary output. Normally, the blood pressure for an individual at rest should be 120/80mm Hg. Lower blood pressure beyond 90/60mm Hg as seen in Janet (90/50 mm Hg) indicates potential post operation hemorrhage (Dain Abramov, 2011). General anesthesia including the mechanical ventilation used during the surgery, usually impair the pulmonary function thus decreasing oxygenation in the period after anesthesia. This also contributed to loss of breath and low blood pressure as observed in the patient. General anesthesia drugs also reduce the functional residual capacity to about half of the bodys pre-anesthesia value (Fletcher, et al, 2010). The loss of breath is also a result of pulmonary atelectasis which is the collapsing of a section of the lungs, a condition that is contributed to by anesthetic drugs (Shetty et al, 2014). Pulmonary atelectasis occurs in about 85- 90% of any given healthy adults. The combination of atelectasis, ventilation perfusion mismatch and the alveolar hypoventilation contributes to postoperative hypoxemia among patients. The patient is experiencing hypoxemia as seen by her high respiration rate of 30 breaths per minute as compared to the maximum normal of 20 breaths per minute. Her cigarette smoking effect reduces the lung function while increasing mucous production (Mackenzie Johnson, 2010). Being a smoker, Jane has a hindered circulation caused by plaque deposits in blood vessels and narrowed vessels. These factors interact with the low amounts of blood to bring about hypoxemia, high respiration rate, and a faster heart beat as homeostatic responses of the body to recover. Nursing Management From the deteriorating vital signs, it is apparent that Janet is undergoing a suspected postoperative hemorrhage. Studies indicate that postoperative hemorrhage particularly after vaginal hysterectomy presents first as bleeding through the vagina some hours after surgery. In this case, the patient could be bleeding particularly from the cuff within the vagina (Shiota et al, 2011). Secondly, the patient can have little vaginal bleeding but present with deteriorating vital signs including a low blood pressure, rapid pulse, high respiration rate, flank and/or abdominal pain. This is mainly associated with retroperitoneal hemorrhage (Agnihotri, 2016). Since there is a patient controlled analgesic, the patient has 0/10 pain. The nursing management therefore in this case includes rapid diagnosis, vital-sign stabilization, blood replacement and further, a continuous surveillance of the patient. To control the suspected hemorrhage and hypoxemia the nursing management must ensure that they secure the airway for the patient, arrest bleeding and also replace the lost volume (Shetty et al, 2014). The multidisciplinary team should first carry out patient oxygenation and this involves intubating and using the mechanical ventilator, in order to increase the amount of oxygenated blood reaching vital organs and prevent further shock. Secondly, there is need to restore the body fluid volume and in this case, the nursing team should create two intravenous lines for fluid resuscitation of the patient and administer normal saline (Mackenzie Johnson, 2010). This also should include blood transfusion. The current indwelling urinary catheter should be left in place to ensure that urinary output is monitored. If hypotension persists even after the first bolus of normal saline, the team should administer packed red blood cells. This should also be the case if the patients Hgb goes below 6 gm /dL. This limits the crystalloid dilution effect and also boosts the bloods oxygen-carrying capacity (Shiota et al, 2011). The patients Hgb should be maintained above 7 gm/dL. The patient can also be administered with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) especially if her INR is more than 2. On the other hand, platelets are necessary particularly when the patients thrombocyte count goes below 50,000 mm3 (Shetty et al, 2014). Further, the patient should have a cryoprecipitate if her fibrinogen level is below 80 100 mg/dL. Thirdly, drug therapy to support the patients blood pressure should be started after sufficient fluid resuscitation. Inotropes like dopamine or dobutamine, and vasopressors such as norepinephrine or phenylephrine are ideal (Agnihotri, 2016). Antibiotics can also be given as treatment to prevent sepsis while H2blockers like famotidine (Pepcid) and or cimetidine should be given to prevent ulceration of the gastric mucosa. To remedy hemorrhage cause, which could be a bleeding vaginal cuff, the nursing team should confirm any bright red blood coming out of the vagina despite the administered clotting factors (Ali Iskaros, 2015). This sign shows that the patient should immediately be taken back to the operation room for wound inspection and exploration, to inform immediate appropriate suturing and/or ligation. The patient can be treated with hemostatic agents including the VIIa (NovoSeven), and the Desmopressin (DDAVP) to promote blood clotting (Shetty et al, 2014). Antifibrinolytics like aprotinin (Trasylol) and/or aminocaproic acid should be started to prevent any breaking of clots which could be forming at the vaginal cuff. In vaginal hysterectomy, a vessel can retract from a tie and/or ligature leading to bleeding either retroperitoneally or intraperitoneally (Shiota et al, 2011). Extremely brisk bleeding means there is need for an exploratory laparotomy to enable the examining of the pelvis, identifying and isolating the bleeding vessels, and arresting the bleeding accordingly. Where localization of bleeding to a certain pelvic vessel is difficult, the doctors can ligate the hypogastric artery/arteries (Shetty et al, 2014). Minimal vaginal bleeding along with the indicated deteriorating vital signs, should imply suspected retroperitoneal hemorrhage. They should order immediate hematocrit, after which blood transfusion can be done. Brisk bleeding can also be controlled via selective angiographic embolization (Bhalerao et al, 2011). When there is adequate exposure the pelvis, there is need for the peritoneum above the potentially formed hematoma to be opened to evacuate blood (Shiota et al, 2011). Every bleeding vessel should then be identified for ligation. After hemostasis has been achieved, the patients pelvis should then be drained through the closed system. These approaches can thus help in stabilizing the patients vital signs and prevent mortality. Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team The Social Worker The social worker will provide assistance to the patient and her three children in regard to handling their overwhelming stress (Shaw et al, 2014). According to Dubus (2010), a social worker should help patients to better understand and/or adjust to their condition, expel any fears and rid related anxiety on treatment. They can also provide patients with extensive information on financial counseling, spiritual services, ethical issues considered, and available support groups referrals (Bowen, 2014). The social workers can introduce behavior change to the patient in regard to smoking. Physical and/or Occupational Therapist A physical therapist is important as they provide services to the patient which restore their functioning, improve their mobility, and bring about relieve from pain. This therapist will help assist the patient in preventing and/or limiting potential permanent physical disabilities (Shaw et al, 2014). An occupational therapist on the other hand will carry out a complete assessment of the impact of vaginal hysterectomy on the patients later activities at home, at work, and during recreation. Their combined effort helps to reduce the patients risk of potential disability both physically and psychologically. The Family The family should offer the patient emotional support by visiting and being close (Shaw et al, 2014). Family members can be invited to help in making medical decisions in agreement with the patient and also the patients behalf. The family in partnership the critical care team can offer to share critical relevant crucial information regarding the patient for decision making (Bowen, 2014). This can help inform on the possible financial support, referral groups among other social factors that can promote the patients health post-operation. References Agnihotri, S. (2016). Assessment and treatment of uterine fibroids.Prescriber,27(6), 28-33. Ali, R., Iskaros, J. (2015). P10.08: Effect on sexual function after uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids.Ultrasound In Obstetrics Gynecology,46, 156-156. Bhalerao, A., Kawthalkar, A., Ghike, S., Joshi, S. (2011). Complications during Vaginal Hysterectomy: How to get over Them?.Journal Of SAFOG With DVD,3, 60-62. Bowen, L. (2014). The multidisciplinary team in palliative care: A case reflection.Indian Journal Of Palliative Care,20(2), 142 Clarke, D., Forster, A. (2015). Improving post-stroke recovery: the role of the multidisciplinary health care team.Journal Of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 433. Dain, L., Abramov, Y. (2011). Factors affecting the feasibility of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy during vaginal hysterectomy for uterine prolapse.Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Obstetrics And Gynaecology,51(4), 307-309. Dubus, N. (2010). Who Cares for the Caregivers? Why Medical Social Workers Belong on End-of-Life Care Teams.Social Work In Health Care,49(7), 603-617. Engh, M., Hauso, W. (2012). Vaginal hysterectomy, an outpatient procedure.Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica,91(11), 1293-1299. Fletcher, N., Saed, M., Abu-Soud, H., Al-Hendy, A., Diamond, M., Saed, G. (2013). Uterine fibroids are characterized by an impaired antioxidant cellular system: potential role of hypoxia in the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids.Journal Of Assisted Reproduction And Genetics,30(7), 969-974. Lerner, V., Malacarne, D., Lam, C. (2016). Teaching Vaginal Hysterectomy Using Vaginal Hysterectomy Task Trainer.Journal Of Minimally Invasive Gynecology,23(7), S21. Lipman, J. (2015). Awareness of uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) as a treatment option for uterine fibroids in a community-based practice.Journal Of Vascular And Interventional Radiology,26(2), S138. Mackenzie, M., Johnson, J. (2010). Primary intent vaginal hysterectomy: outcomes for common contraindications to vaginal approach hysterectomy.Gynecological Surgery,8(2), 135-143. Shaw, D., Davidson, J., Smilde, R., Sondoozi, T., Agan, D. (2014). Multidisciplinary Team Training to Enhance Family Communication in the ICU*.Critical Care Medicine,42(2), 265-271. Shetty, J., Shanbhag, A., Pandey, D. (2014). Converting Potential Abdominal Hysterectomy to Vaginal One: Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy.Minimally Invasive Surgery,2014, 1-5. Shiota, M., Kotani, Y., Umemoto, M., Tobiume, T., Shimaoka, M., Hoshiai, H. (2011). Total abdominal hysterectomy versus laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy versus total vaginal hysterectomy.Asian Journal Of Endoscopic Surgery,4(4), 161-165. Williams, E. (2013). Holistic Medical CareThe Role of Chaplains in a Multidisciplinary Team.Health And Social Care Chaplaincy,11(1), 9-16.

Why Fast Food is Unhealthy free essay sample

In today’s age of convenience, fast food needs no introduction. Everyone from a two year old to a sixty year old seems to be enjoying it. Why not? It’s delicious, it’s filling, it’s affordable, and available just any time of the day. What more can you ask for when you are living life in the fast lane? Well fast food all good tastes, except that it is not nutritionally balanced and, therefore, unhealthy in the long run if consumed on a regular basis. Even though some people say that eating fast food is healthy because they get certain types of fast food like salads or chicken, it not the real stuff. They make it seem like it is but its not. They also choose fast foods because it is inexpensive than most other food choices. Fast foods contain lots of calories, sugar, sodium and unhealthy fats substances that increase your risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Fast Food is Unhealthy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Increased health risks are directly associated with increased consumption of fast foods. Yet, as prices for fast foods increase the consumption and health risks decrease. Eating healthier foods may reduce your health risks and your costs. (Roizman) On the McDonalds website if you get 1 Big Mac, 1 Double Cheeseburger, 1 Large Fries, and 1 Large Coke you would get 1,770 Calories, 77 grams of fat, 1,430 milligrams of sodium, and 219 grams of Carbs for all about $9 which is not healthy if consumed on the daily basis. (McDonalds) In the short reading by Eric Schlosser Why the Fries Taste Good Fast food increases your weight. Body Mass Index(BMI) is an indicator of body fat that is measured according to your weight and height. The higher your BMI, the higher your risk of obesity and chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, gallstones and cancer. Research by the Department of Economics and Institute for Health Research and Policy in 2009 found the price of fast food is statistically associated with BMI of teenagers, particularly among families in low to middle socioeconomic status. The low cost of fast food influenced weight gain, the report showed. Consuming fast food may increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. Scientists estimate the popularity of type 2 diabetes will increase 300 percent in the United States in the next 40 years, from 10 percent to 33 percent of the population. Research by scientists at the Department of Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill in 2010 discovered that increasing the price of fast food items by $1, reduced the amount of calorie intake from these foods, decreased weight gain and lowered insulin resistance, risk factors for obesity and type 2 diabetes. The research suggests the US government should consider policies aimed at altering the price of fast foods to steer Americans toward eating healthier foods and reducing the risks of chronic diseases. The total annual health care cost to treat diabetes is estimated at $174 billion. Fast food restaurants use processed foods with high amounts of sodium to flavor your meals. Sodium is a risk factor for high blood pressure and stroke, the third leading cause of death in the United States. Scientists at the University of Michigan predict that the treatment of strokes will cost the United States $2. 2 trillion by 2050 unless Americans change their eating habits and maintain normal blood pressure. Fast food restaurants predominantly serve meals in big portion sizes with higher amounts of calories than you need and contain additive ingredients such as preservatives, flavorings, sweeteners, sodium and colors. Many restaurants are increasing the costs for fast foods with prices as high as $10 per person and over $30 or $40 for a family of four in some locations. Purchasing healthy food ingredients and preparing meals at home can save you money.

Three Domain System

Three Domain System The Three Domain System, developed by Carl Woese, is a system for classifying biological organisms. Over the years, scientists have developed several systems for the classification of organisms. From the late 1960s, organisms had been classified according to a Five Kingdom system. This classification system model was based on principles developed by Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus, whose hierarchical system groups organisms based on common physical characteristics. The Three Domain System As scientists learn more about organisms, classification systems change. Genetic sequencing has given researchers a whole new way of analyzing relationships between organisms. The current system, the Three Domain System, groups organisms primarily based on differences in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structure. Ribosomal RNA is a molecular building block for ribosomes. Under this system, organisms are classified into three domains and six kingdoms. The domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The kingdoms are Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria), Eubacteria (true bacteria), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Archaea Domain This domain contains single-celled organisms known as archaea. Archaea have genes that are similar to both bacteria and eukaryotes. Because they are very similar to bacteria in appearance, they were originally mistaken for bacteria. Like bacteria, Archaea are prokaryotic organisms and do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. They also lack internal cell organelles and many are about the same size as and similar in shape to bacteria. Archaea reproduce by binary fission, have one circular chromosome, and use flagella to move around in their environment as do bacteria. Archaea differ from bacteria in cell wall composition and differ from both bacteria and eukaryotes in membrane composition and rRNA type. These differences are substantial enough to warrant that archaea have a separate domain. Archaea are extreme organisms that live under some of the most extreme environmental conditions. This includes within hydrothermal vents, acidic springs, and under Arctic ice. Archaea are divided into three main phyla: Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Korarchaeota. Crenarchaeota include many organisms that are hyperthermophiles and thermoacidophiles. These archaea thrive in environments with great temperature extremes (hyperthermophiles) and in extremely hot and acidic environments (thermoacidophiles).Archaea known as methanogens are of the Euryarchaeota phylum. They produce methane as a byproduct of metabolism and require an oxygen-free environment.Little is known about Korarchaeota archaea as few species have been found living in places such as hot springs, hydrothermal vents, and obsidian pools. Bacteria Domain Bacteria are classified under the Bacteria Domain. These organisms are generally feared because some are pathogenic and capable of causing disease. However, bacteria are essential to life as some are part of the human microbiota. These bacteria preform vital functions, such as enabling us to properly digest and absorb nutrients from the foods we eat. Bacteria that live on the skin prevent pathogenic microbes from colonizing the area and also aid in the activation of the immune system. Bacteria are also important for the recycling of nutrients in the global ecosystem as they are primary decomposers. Bacteria have a unique cell wall composition and rRNA type. They are grouped into five main categories: Proteobacteria: This phylum contains the largest group of bacteria and includes E.coli, Salmonella, Heliobacter pylori, and Vibrio. bacteria.Cyanobacteria: These bacteria are capable of photosynthesis. They are also known as blues include Borrelia burgdorferi (cause Lyme disease) and Treponema pallidum (cause syphilis). Eukarya Domain The Eukarya domain includes eukaryotes or organisms that have a membranes include algae, amoeba, fungi, molds, yeast, ferns, mosses, flowering plants, sponges, insects, and mammals. Comparison of Classification Systems Five Kingdom System: MoneraProtistaFungiPlantaeAnimalia Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya Domain Archaebacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Three Domain System As we have seen, systems for classifying organisms change with new discoveries made over time. The earliest systems recognized only two kingdoms (plant and animal). The current Three Domain System is the best organizational system we have now, but as new information is gained, a different system for classifying organisms may later be developed.

A Teachers Basic Guide to Making a Referral

A Teachers Basic Guide to Making a Referral A referral is a process or steps a teacher takes to get extra assistance for a student that they work directly with on a regular basis. In most schools, there are three distinct types of referrals. Those include referrals for disciplinary issues, referrals for special education evaluations, and referrals to receive counseling services.   A referral is completed when a teacher believes that a student needs some intervention to help them overcome obstacles that may be preventing them from being successful. All referral situations are dictated by the behavior and/or actions of the student. Teachers need professional development and training to recognize specific signs that would indicate when a student may have an issue that requires a referral. Prevention training is more appropriate for discipline referrals, but recognition training would be beneficial for referrals associated with special education or counseling.   Each type of referral has distinct steps that a teacher must follow according to school policy. With the exception of a counseling referral, a teacher must establish that they have attempted to improve the issue before making a referral. Teachers should document any steps that they have taken to help a student improve. Documentation helps establish a pattern which ultimately justifies the need for a referral. It may also help those involved with the referral process in establishing a plan to help the student grow. This process can take a lot of time and extra effort on the teachers part. Ultimately, the teacher must prove that they have exhausted all of their individual resources in most cases before making a referral. Referral for Discipline Purposes A discipline referral is a form a teacher or other school personnel writes up when they want the principal or school disciplinarian to deal with a student issue. A referral typically means that the issue is a serious issue, or it is an issue in which the teacher has tried to handle on without any success. Key Questions to Ask Before Making a Disciplinary Referral Is this a serious issue (i.e. fight, drugs, alcohol) or potential threat to other students that requires immediate attention by an administrator?If this is a minor issue, what steps have I taken to handle the issue myself?Have I contacted the students parents and involved them in this process?Have I documented the steps that I have taken in an attempt to correct this issue? Referral for a Special Education Evaluation A special education referral is a request for a student to be evaluated to determine whether the student is eligible to receive special education services that may include areas such as speech language services, learning assistance, and occupational therapy.  The referral is typically a written request by either the students parent or their teacher. If the teacher is completing the referral, he or she will also attach evidence and samples of work to show why they believe the student needs to be evaluated. Key Questions to Ask Before Making a Special Education Referral What are the exact issues that the student has that lead me to believe that special education services are appropriate?What evidence or artifacts can I produce that supports my belief?What documented steps of intervention have I taken to try to help the student improve before making a referral?Have I discussed my concerns with the childs parents also gaining insight into the childs history? Referral for Counseling Services A counseling referral can be made for a student for any number of legitimate concerns. Some common reasons include: A student is going through a traumatic family issue (i.e. divorce, death in the family).A student exhibits signs of depression and/or withdrawal.A students grades suddenly drop or there is a drastic change in behavior.  A student cries often, gets sick daily, or expresses anger/frustration regularly.A student who has difficulty functioning in the classroom (i.e. behavior issues, will not do work, skips school often, extreme aggressiveness).

Metaphors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Metaphors - Essay Example In the first case study, there is an issue that is being faced by the managers is the need to hold dowen the line against the senior managers who are aggressive. This is a great problem because it seriously impacts on their relationship with their subordinates and hence their attitudes and performances in their work. In this sense, it is one of the hindrances towards productivity as most of the employees are expected to work as machines. Using the Morgan’s use of metaphors to understand the organization is well applied in this scenario. The manager is able to note down a few of the Morgan’s metaphors in his work. They include the art of blowing up in order to defend his people. In this context, he drills the individual and then attacks. In essence, he has identified work as a battle whereby there is a great need to fight in order to ensure that the rights of all the employees are not violated. It is caused by the element of being in the heat of the battle to enable an i ndividual to defend their territories hence the need to understand how the organization works. It is with the notion that the work place is a battle field that the manager in this case has devised the proper ways of dealing with his colleagues in such a way that enhances the productivity of all the other employees. The main problem in this case is the need to come up with a new product. It is the principle issue that is causing worries to the director in this organization. It is mainly because the product is required in high degree autonomy. It was also supposed to appear to be an integral part of the existing company. In this sense, the metaphor is created through the use of the symbolic modeling. Ultimately, there is the launch of a central launch pad from which the hot air balloon can rise and ascend. Although this balloon was always navigated by the captain, it was always tied to the launch pad. This defined its safety and scope

People, Organisations and Leadership Assignment

People, Organisations and Leadership - Assignment Example One of the notable companies that have embarked on undertaking strategic management is Alpha Reminiscent Cars (ARC). Based on the increased demand for old style cars as well as old out-of-manufacture saloons and sports cars, the company owners are now focused at expanding their production capacity in order to meet the demand of their customers. The company has two alternatives that it can use in order to expand its production. Firstly, the owners can double its work force in order to have 12 teams leading to production of 240 units. Secondly, the company can also use automated assembly-line approach. The key aim of this paper is to compare the two approaches and indicate the one that will increase ARC profit while at the same time making the employees happy. Additionally, the paper discusses issues that will be solved by the two approaches. To achieve its objective, the paper will base its argument on studies done by various individuals on team and automated assembly-line approaches. Literature reviews on merits and demerits of team and assembly line robotic approaches In his studies on evaluating a team-based approach, Libby (2012) contemplates that team approach is beneficial in that it will create opportunities for creativity. As the ARC aims at producing models that meet the needs of its customers, it will be essential for managers to create a culture of creativity. It is vital to note that if a larger number of people are involved in making a decision or coming up with a solution to a problem, each one of the team member will provide his or her idea. Afterwards the team members deliberate of the best idea and then develop it to quality products. ARC will thus benefit from improved models as a result of use of team approach. Additionally, Libby (2012) portrays team approach as a way of enhancing research skills of individuals of the team members. In this way, individuals are in a position to bring in board skills and contribution that will improve the quali ty of the final products. Another advantage of using team approach is that the company rate of production will increase (Robbins and Judge, 2007). In a work place, employees have different weaknesses and strengths. This implies that during the tackling of any project, team managers can delegate the workload among team members based on their skills and experience. As a result, a project can be completed in a timely manner. In the case of ARC, the use of team approach will ensure that the car models are manufactured is a faster rate without compromising their quality. Studies on qualitative methods in a team approach by Whitt and Kuh, (1991) indicates that in addition to the use of competitive salary, workers are motivated by working a team. Through expansion of its team, ARC will enhance the morale of its employees. It is essential to note that when a company arranges its workforce in the form of teams that are under skilled team managers, the employees are in a position to know each other. As a result, a good relationship is created in the work place. By sharing ideas, employees self esteem is attained thus improving their productivity leading to an increased output and sales. Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) depicts that team approach provides workers with chances of developing. It is fundamental to note that big and small companies keenly look for skills possessed by their employees during the recruitment process. In this regard, teams are formed by members with

Democratic Education Essay Example for Free

Democratic Education Essay Democratic Education should be a mainstream style of teaching, and should be taught specifically to anyone aspiring to become any type of successful instructor. Everywhere you go the world is constantly changing, people adapt, time ticks away, and the days come and go, every waking moment is progression to the future. Why is the one thing that we as a society depend on for survival going backwards? Our education system and the way we educate children is the only tool we as a society use to ensure our existence, think of the world as a well oiled machine. If you neglect certain parts, yes maybe it will keep working for a short while. Eventually the machine will fall apart because of the mistreating and lack of or poor maintenance, if we keep neglecting our education system by turning a blind eye to the type of educators we give teaching credentials to or the way our current teachers or professors are instruction our future, then our existence is headed for an abrupt halt. Schools need to embrace interesting, interactive-learning environments throughout the curriculum. â€Å"If you do not want to do something, you will not, period.† This thought means if someone is in a place that does not at least entertain the senses, let alone stimulate the mind then why even waste the time to just be physically be present? By doing that it wastes money, and more importantly the teacher and the students time. Democratic education as a teaching style is based on â€Å"affirmative authority without disrespect of freedom†; Democratic Education, by bell hooks. Authoritative guidance with inspiring, limitless, encouragement should be the goal of every type of educational course offered in the United States. We need to input this style of teaching into our aspiring teachers required classes to graduate at any institution or university across the country. We need democratic education because this type of teaching inspires the students, just because someone passes a test or any kind of written exam does not determine someones intelligence. The definition of the term intelligence, according to www.google.com, means the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. This applies to institutions and their instructors because if a pupil is not taught how to apply these skills he or she has been taught how does this apply to the fast-pace times that we live in today? The answer is, it does not. Democratic education benefits the entire classroom rather than just a select few because of the more upbeat style of teaching. The beauty of democratic education is that it can also be incorporated with the old style of a more text-geared curriculum as well. It has the potential to improve teaching as a profession because it would lengthen the required courses to become a teacher, therefore narrowing the number of instructors produced. With that being said, the teaching salaries can improve because of the new demand for this productive style of teaching that K-12 schools would require the employed instructors to have completed during their college career(s). Our future generations upbringing needs to be updated according to the new age that we live in today. Democratic education needs to be a mainstream style of teaching, not for our benefit, but for the future of the precious world that you and I share. This is not a type of thing to be organized and implemented to help certain individuals succeed but for everyone, we need to teach our children that as a country we are a collective, and as individuals we are our own. Democratic education be used as another tool to help us educate the country and create a more successful tomorrow.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Essay -- microchip radio waves i

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Radio frequency identification, or RFID, is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects. There are several methods of identification, but the most common is to store a serial number that identifies a person or object, and perhaps other information, on a microchip that is attached to an antenna (the chip and the antenna together are called an RFID transponder or an RFID tag). The antenna enables the chip to transmit the identification information to a reader. The reader converts the radio waves reflected back from the RFID tag into digital information that can then be passed on to computers that can make use of it. RFID is a better technology than bar codes in many ways. The two are different technologies and have different applications, which sometimes overlap. The big difference between the two is bar codes are line-of-sight technology. That is, a scanner has to "see" the bar code to read it, which means people usually have to orient the bar code towards a scanner for it to be read. Radio frequency identification, by contrast, doesn't require line of sight. RFID tags can be read as long as they are within range of a reader. Bar codes have other shortcomings as well. If a label is ripped, soiled or falls off, there is no way to scan the item. And standard bar codes identify only the manufacturer and product, not the unique item. The bar code on one milk carton is the same as ever...

Life Is a Game Essay

â€Å"Each player must accept the cards life deals them: but once they are in hand, they alone must decide how to play in order to win the game. † – Voltaire â€Å"For when the One Great Scorer comes To write against your name, He marks – not that you won or lost – But how you played the game. † – Grantland Rice â€Å"My work is a game, a very serious game. † – M. C. Escher â€Å"A game is not won until it is lost. † – David Pleat â€Å"Play the game for more than you can afford to lose†¦ only then will you learn the game. † – Winston Churchill. â€Å"Daring ideas are like chessmen moved forward; they may be beaten, but they may start a winning game. † – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe â€Å"Most people give up just when they’re about to achieve success. They quit on the one yard line. They give up at the last minute of the game one foot from a winning touchdown. † – Ross Perot â€Å"It’s the game of life. Do I win or do I lose? One day they’re gonna shut the game down. I gotta have as much fun and go around the board as many times as I can before it’s my turn to leave. † – Tupac Shakur. â€Å"If you’re willing to put two thoughts into a picture then you’re already ahead of the game. † – Sean Penn † We know that we’re supposed to win all the games, but if we don’t, we just have to take the next game and focus on what we did wrong in the game before and just try to do better at the next game. † – Shaquille O’Neal â€Å"If past history was all there was to the game, the richest people would be librarians. † – Warren Buffett â€Å"At this stage of the game, I am not sure what’s going to happen. † – Bobby Rahal. â€Å"We didn’t lose the game; we just ran out of time. † – Vince Lombardi â€Å"You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else. † – Albert Einstein â€Å"People have always doubted whether I was good enough to play this game at this level. I thought I was, and I thought I could be. What other people thought was really always irrelevant to me. † – Steve Nash â€Å"The goals made such a difference to the way this game went. † – John Motson â€Å"No coach has ever won a game by what he knows; it’s what his players know that counts. † – Paul Bryant â€Å"It’s more than a game. It’s an institution. † – Thomas Hughes â€Å"If life doesn’t offer a game worth playing, then invent a new one. † – Anthony J. D’Angelo â€Å"If you have the opportunity to play this game of life you need to appreciate every moment. a lot of people don’t appreciate the moment until it’s passed. † – Kanye West â€Å"I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. † – Michael Jordan â€Å"I think it’s wrong that only one company makes the game Monopoly. † – Steven Wright â€Å"So if you want to have a great video game-based movie you have to keep the mood of the game, use the normal character setup – but you have to flesh out the story and provide more background for the characters. † – Uwe Boll â€Å"If you make every game a life and death proposition, you’re going to have problems. For one thing, you’ll be dead a lot. † – Dean Smith. â€Å"Winning that first game was so important; my mother always said that the first game of the second set was the chance to keep it going if you were ahead or change things if you were behind. † – Tracy Austin â€Å"Life is like a game of cards. The hand you are dealt is determinism; the way you play it is free will. † – Jawaharlal Nehru â€Å"We play fair and we play hard. If we win the game we win, if we lose the game, we lose. † – Jason Williams â€Å"The person that turns over the most rocks wins the game. And that’s always been my philosophy. † – Peter Lynch â€Å"Never change a winning game; always change a losing one. † – Bill Tilden.

Craig Lockhart Essay

Wilfred Owen was a soldier in the First World War; in 1917 he was admitted to Craig Lockhart hospital with shell shock. He had previously written poems pre 1917 but whilst in the hospital he met Siegfried Sassoon; Sassoon had a huge influence on the way Owen wrote his poems. Owen’s main message in his poems was ‘to warn’ the public about war, as well as dis-agree with other writers such as Jessie Pope and Rupert Brooke who presented war as noble; Owen was completely against this idea of war, especially the message these other writers tried to convey. In Owen’s poem ‘Exposure’ the readers’ expectation is reversed; we expect the poem to be about exposure to enemy fire but what the men in the poem are really exposed to is the weather; this weather will eventually kill them as they die from hypothermia. In the poem the men are suffering from psychological trauma; ‘projecting’ their own madness onto nature. The reader starts to sense Owen’s own questioning of his religion, Christianity, as he can no longer believe there is an after life and presents his theme of the futility of war. The opening of ‘Exposure’ establishes the theme of psychological trauma, which is a reversal of the reader’s expectation because we expect the men to be ‘exposed’ to enemy fire; this is the first thought the reader had when thinking about ‘Exposure’. The opening line of the poem is ‘Our brains ache’, which signals to the reader a new idea and a reversal of the original expectation we have and we sense the men are ‘worried by silence, sentries whisper, curious, nervous’. The word ‘Our’ shows that collectively their ‘brains ache’ and suggests the idea of the universality of war and the fact that on both sides, the British and Germans, many men suffered from psychological trauma. Another idea could be that the men are constantly worried (paranoia) about being heard or coming under attack, hence their ‘brains ache’ with worry. Also, the use of sibilance throughout the opening creates an uneasy atmosphere and we can sense that the men themselves are uneasy; the sibilance creates a whispering sound; this constant paranoia surrounds the men that if they talk too loud they will die, which in turn creates psychological problems. This conveys the, perhaps uneasy, horror of war because what if affecting the men the most is not the constant ‘Exposure’ to enemy fire but the constant fear that they are going to be shot at. ‘Spring Offensive’ confirms Owen’s sincere lack of faith in an ‘after life’ as he questions God’s existence throughout the poem. He suggests that the hundreds, perhaps thousands of men are not going to heaven as some would like to believe but simply just dying. The consolatory myth that many once used to believe is forgotten on the front line, as the men can no longer believe in the existence of such entity. Owen suggests that there is no Christian ‘Heaven’ or ‘Hell’ but that man have created a hell on earth; there is constant dying and murder yet these men do not go anywhere. This highlights that perhaps this is the most poignant horror of war, the futility of war. In ‘Spring Offensive’ the theme of psychological trauma is again established in the opening stanza; the idea of the futility of war is also introduced. ‘Many there stood still to face the stark blank sky beyond the ridge’, shows that the men are perhaps afraid of going ‘over the top’ for the fear that if they die they will go nowhere, no heaven or hell. Owen’s own fading belief in religion and an afterlife is introduced. The men in the poem are scared about what they are going to face when the go over the ridge (trench), as they have problems with what they are going to have to do when they go over the top of the ‘ridge’; they do not like the idea of killing over people. The use of sibilance is used in the poem, as in ‘Exposure’, to effectively create a sense of unease. This is a contrast to those who ‘carelessly slept’ as they do not mind killing others in order to save themselves and at the end of ‘Spring Offensive’ we learn that these were the ones who, eventually, survived. This perhaps suggests that they themselves have no social conscience in that they are quite happy to kill human beings like themselves and perhaps have psychological problems of a different kind. The ‘stark blank sky’ could also, perhaps, be a link to astrology, with the idea from the past that the sky could show you what was in store for you in the future. A sunny day would suggest something good would happen to you and you would be fine, for example. However, the fact that they ‘face the stark blank sky’ could be because they have no future, this is the end of their lives and that their own future is stark, blank; there is no hope of them going to the Christian ‘Heaven’ or ‘Hell’, as Owen is trying to suggest that neither of these places exists, which strengthens the reader’s idea that Owen has a lack of belief in Christianity. The idea that the men are ‘stood still’ is also a link to ‘Exposure’; the men are passive in the war in that they cannot affect what is going on, which also presents the theme of the futility of war. In the opening of ‘Spring Offensive’ Owen successfully presents the themes of the futility of war and of psychological trauma and starts to establish his own belief that there is no such thing as ‘Heaven’ or ‘Hell’ in a subtle but effective manner. In ‘Exposure’ the men ‘project’ their own madness onto the wind and have a strong belief that nature, especially the wind, is against them; this comes from their psychological problems. Owen personifies the wind when he says ‘winds that knive us’ and the men start to think of the wind as ‘mad gusts’, as well as suggesting that the bullets being fired at the men are ‘less deadly than the air’.

Linear Parent Functions (Algebra Help)

Linear Parent Functions (Algebra Help) In Algebra Functions, a function is described as a set of data that has one distinct output (y) for each input (x). A function also describes the relationship between inputs (x) and outputs (y). As a testament to the various patterns between x and y, several types of functions exist. Algebraic Functions LinearAbsolute ValueQuadraticExponentialTrigonometricRationalLogarithmic Each type of Algebraic function is its own family and possesses unique traits. If you want to understand the characteristics of each family, study its parent function, a template of domain and range that extends to other members of the family. This article focuses on the linear parent function. Linear Parent Function Characteristics The equation of the linear parent function is y x. Refer to Linear Parent Function for the graph of y x. Domain: All real numbers Range: All real numbersThe slope, or rate of change, is constant. Linear Function Flips, Shifts, and Other Tricks Family members have common and contrasting attributes. If your dad has a big nose, then you probably have one as well. Nonetheless, just as you are different from your parents, so is a subsequent function different from its parent. Note: Any changes to the equation will alter the graph. Vertical Shiftsy x1The graph shifts up 1 unit. y x-4The graph shifts down 4 units. Changes in Steepnessy 3xThe graph becomes steeper. y  ½xThe graph becomes flatter. Negative Influencey  The graph flips and slopes downward, instead of upward. (See Calculate a Negative Slope.)

The Possible Origins of the Words Sincere and Sincerely

The Possible Origins of the Words Sincere and Sincerely The origin of the word sincere is disputed, although the popular etymology has it coming from words for without wax. Without Wax It is commonly believed that sincere comes from two Latin words- sine without and cera wax. Although even that much is challenged, there are two explanations for how without wax came to be an important claim, both involving craftsmen, who during the Republic of Rome, would generally have been slaves or foreigners. Some think that marble workers would cover imperfections in the stone with wax, much as modern homemakers or unscrupulous antique dealers might rub wax to hide a scratch in wood. Another idea for the origin of sincere has more ominous consequences. Since cement was more expensive than wax, unscrupulous bricklayers would sometimes employ it- at least thats the story. When it melted, bricks could shift and structures collapse. So the claim that something was sine cera would be an important guarantee. The Online Etymology Dictionary says it may come from sem-, sin-, roots for one and crescere growth.

Summary about a book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary about a book - Essay Example They conclude that the only person who could be in the store is the old woman working for their parents (Ledwidge). Without Andy’s knowledge, Hank hires an experienced thief who happens to be his own co-worker. The thief is known as Bobby Lasorda. Bobby is very experienced in robbery. With just one loaded gun, he can rob the shop by himself. Hank needs to wait in the car. The brothers’ mother Nanette happens to be in the store herself in place of the original clerk. The robbery goes sour when Nannette pulls a gun on Bobby, leading to a shootout. Hank runs away from the scene after seeing Bobby die. Later Nanette dies in the hospital after her husband denies her life support. Charles is not satisfied with the help from the police. He therefore decides to investigate the case himself since he knows that Bobby had a partner thus he becomes obsessed with finding out who the other criminal was. Andy chastises Hank for his mistake while Hank himself finds himself fixing many problems. Hank removes evidence he had left in the rented car he had used for the robbery. Hank is later confronted by Bobby’s brother Dex who asks for financial compensation for Bobby’s death in order to provide for his widow (Ledwidge). Hank has a secret affair with Andy’s wife, Gina. Gina claims that Andy is not satisfying her. Gina reveals her feelings to Andy at the point of leaving him. When Andy hears of Dex blackmail, he decides to solve the situation with Hank by robbing Andy’s drug dealer. Once they get at the dealers house, they overpower him and rob him off his money. Hank is shocked at seeing Andy murder the dealer together with the client who happened to be present. The brothers go to pay Dex, but Andy kills him impulsively fearing that Dex might blackmail them further. When Hank opposes Andy’s decision to kill Chris, Andy decides to kill Hank. He reveals to him that he knows about his relationship with Gina. Before Andy pulls the trigger, he is shot

Silverstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Silverstone - Essay Example be required in the circuit in the near future, or some variable that the company may need to keep under consideration while taking strategic decisions. In order to evaluate the business environment, tools such as PESTEL and SWOT have been used. SWOT analyses internal environment as well as the external environment of the entity, whereas PESTEL is thorough external environmental analysis. Silverstone enjoys amazing brand equity and can easily attract sponsorships from people whenever an event is taking place there. Their biggest strength, the brand equity should be capitalized for further expansion plans and channelizing it towards catering to weaknesses. The biggest weakness is the fact that they are not allowed to increase their ticket price (Wadham, 2010); while pivoting through brand equity and the services Silverstone has been providing, they can increase the price marginally to reap greater profits. Also, such a successful organization needs to develop an organizational structure to increase responsibility and accountability. There is no presence of an organizational structure that may hamper its pace towards success (Silverst one, 2010). The biggest opportunity that Silverstone is already working on is to provide the extended accommodation to people who want to have an extended stay at the track. This along with their extended marketing plans to reach out to women should help them gain a competitive advantage in their favour. In today’s market, it is very important to gain advantage and increase market share; Silverstone is on the right track to get a better market share. Silverstone should focus on marketing the brand name and not serve as a host, as it will diminish brand recognition of the customers (Silverstone, 2010). Further analyzing the external environment through PESTEL, one realizes that one of the biggest issues that Silverstone faces is political. Silverstone may feel political pressure in the future to vacate the land as it does not bring in

Immigration to US from Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration to US from Latin America - Essay Example nomy predominantly resulting from free-trade strategies employed by the North American Free Trade Agreement and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The rampant corruption within the Mexican government has also contributed significantly to the collapse of the Mexican economy. Due to IMF policies regarding Mexico, its economic output dropped 33 percent in the past two decades. During this period, its foreign debt rose 359 percent because of widespread looting of the national coffers. These factors caused the â€Å"collapse of all areas of productive economic activity and employment, is the primary driver of the flood of emigrants desperate to leave Mexico, to find some livelihood for themselves and their families in the United States† (Small, 2005). Illegal immigrants receive more from public monies than they contribute which lowers the standard of living for legal citizens. Illegal immigrants contribute greatly to the overall population growth and health care, education and employment are the most impacted. Salaries are driven down by illegal immigrants willing to work for much less while their children, illegal and legal, overcrowd the schools. It’s the U.S. taxpayer who is sent the bill for their health care services as well. In addition, the large influx of illegal aliens burdens the already inadequate number of units classified as affordable housing and other welfare resources such as energy, water and land usage (â€Å"Illegal Immigration†, 2003). Illegal immigrants have already broken the law upon arrival into the country and a considerable number break more including selling drugs, theft, murder, rape, etc. while in the country. The cost to the federal court and prison system alone in 2002 attributed to illegal aliens was $1.6 billion. This does not include the costs to state judicial and penal institutions. It costs Arizona, for example, $80 million to jail illegal aliens yearly. According to a 2002 report by Heather MacDonald of the City

Construction Project Delay: Causes and Effects

Construction Project Delay: Causes and Effects In this chapter, I will discuss types, causes and effects of delay of project in the construction industry. Besides that, I will also discuss the method to minimize the delays happening in construction industry 2.2 Type of Delay In construction industry, there are the categories of delays used in determining delay damage as shown in table 2.1 Figure 2.1 Types of Delay 2.2.1 Excusable delays Excusable delay as define a delay that is due to an unforeseeable event beyond the contractorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s or the subcontractorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s control. Usually, based on common general provisions in public agency specifications, delay resulting from the following events would be considered excusable such as fires, floods, owner-directed changes, errors and omissions in the contract drawing, unusually severe weather and etc. Excusable delays can be further classified into excusable with compensation and excusable without compensation. 2.2.1.1 Excusable with compensation Compensation delays are caused by the owner or the owners agents. An example of this would be the drawings late release from the owners architect. An excusable, compensable delay normally leads to a schedule extension and exposes the owner to financial damages claimed by the contractor. In this scenario, the contractor incurs additional indirect costs for both extended field office and home office overhead and unabsorbed home office overhead. 2.2.1.2 Excusable delays without compensation Non-compensable delays are caused by third parties or incidents beyond the control of both the owner and the contractor. Examples typically include acts of God, unusual weather, strikes, fires, acts of government in its sovereign capacity, etc. In this case, the contractor is normally entitled to claim extension of time but no compensation for delay damages 2.2.2 Non-excusable delays Non-excusable delays are cause by lack of performance of the contractor on the construction project. This delay can be cause by underestimates of productivity, improper project planning and scheduling, poor site management and supervision, wrong construction methods, equipment breakdowns, unreliable subcontractors or suppliers. Therefore, it is contractor responsibilities to continue their work with no entitlement to claim for extension of time or delay damages until they completed the project. For instance, a contractor failure to provide an adequate material to completed their job. 2.2.3 Concurrent Delay Concurrent delay is a problem that happening on most of the construction industry project. This issue arises when two or more delaying event at the same time in a project cannot complete on time. In this situation, both owner and contractor are responsible for the delay. Commonly concurrent delays which involve any two or more excusable delays result in extension of time. When excusable with compensation and non-excusable delays are concurrent, an extension of time can be issued or the delay can be distribution between the owner and the contractor. Concurrent delay can be categories in three types of delays: If excusable and non-excusable delays occur concurrently, the contractor only to allow claim for extension of time: If excusable with compensation and excusable without compensation delays occur concurrently, the contractor is entitle to claim extension of time but no delay damages: If two excusable with compensation delays occur concurrently, the contractor is entitled to claim extension of time and delay damages. For instance, a concurrent delay would be if the owner failure to give more detail regarding either using ceramic tile or homogeneous tile for toilet floor finishes. But at the same time contractor made with own decision and using ceramic tile for toilet floor finishes but actually owner plan using homogeneous tile. In this situation, the contractor cannot claim for damages. It is because contractor is not follow owner instruction but he can claim for extension of time with owner failure to give more detail of drawing 2.3 Causes of delays Figure 2.2 Causes of delays Based on the researched done through by journal, books, and some other reference. Project delay can be causes by a lot of parties which is shown in the Figure 2.2. They are include client, contractor, consultant, labour, material, equipment, financial and some external causes. 2.3.1 Caused of Client Related Delays Figure 2.3 Factors of client related delays 2.3.1.1 Lack of experience of client in construction According to Koushki, et al. (2005) identified factors of lack of experiences of client in construction project have high influence to the causes of delays. Some of the project delay cause by client due to not enough experience especially fresh developer. Most of the time, client facing a problem and do not know how to solve it immediately because of no experience. During client finding the way to solve the problem, some of the work could not progress. Finally, the whole project delay because of some particular work delay. 2.3.1.2 Change order According to Odeh and Battaineh (2002) mentioned the factors of change orders that contribute to causes of delaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Client always change the design during the construction period, during the same time that will affect whole project delay. It is because contractor cannot carry out his work until the latest drawing issue by architect. Consequently contractor cannot be done within the contract period. Most of the current project delay because of change order by client. For instance, a project almost complete but client change certain part of design and instruct contractor carry out the additional work. After done the whole project, the contractor found out was exceeding contract period. 2.3.1.3 Client interference According to Long, et al. (2004) studied the factors client interference that contributes to causes of delays in construction project. Some of the client instruct contractor to carry out additional work without ask architect promise. During the contractor carry out additional work, some of the work could not progress and it will be delay immediately. On the other hand, client do not follow the procedure such as did not mention architect issue an architect instruction. Finally it will affect the whole project delay. 2.3.2 Causes of contractor related delay Figure 2.4 Factors of contractor related delay 2.3.2.1 Inadequate contractor experience Abd Majid and McCaffer (1998) studied the factors of inadequate contractor experience as contributor to causes of delays. Long, ET al. (2004) mentioned the factors of inadequate contractor experience that contribute to causes of delays in construction project. Battaineh (2002) identified the factors of inadequate contractor experience as contributors to causes of delays. In construction industry, some of the delay projects are facing a problem during construction period. But at the same time contractor could not solved the problem immediately because of no experience. During the contractor finding method to solve the problem, some of the works totally stop because of that problem. After the problem was solved, those work keeping continue but run out from the schedule. Finally, the whole project will influence delay. 2.3.2.2 Inaccurate time estimate According to Long, et al. (2004) identified the factors of inaccurate time estimating that contribute to causes of delays in construction project.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Time estimates are important as inputs into other technique used to manage and structure for all projects. An inaccurate time estimation technique may cause a project delay. For instance, in some delay project, the contractor do not allowed time for some common problem always happen during the construction stage such as breakdown of equipment, miss deliveries by supplies, accidents and emergencies and so on. Because of this problem the actual time will run out from the estimated. So, the whole project could be facing delay. 2.3.2.3 Inaccurate of cost estimate According to Long, et al. (2004) also mentioned that, the factors of inaccurate cost estimating that contribute to causes of delays in construction project. Construction estimating errors can be very expensive and embarrassing. Inaccurate of cost estimate contribute a lot of cause such as wrong measurements from contract drawing, using incorrect units of measure, material improperly priced and the most common mistakes in arithmetic . Sometime contractor because of inaccurate of cost estimate measurement again for that particular work. Finally, due to re-measurement time some of the work will influence delay and it will also affect whole project to delay. 2.3.2.4 Poor site management and supervision Battaineh (2002) studied that, the factors of poor site management and supervision as contributors to causes of delays. Chan and Kumaraswamy (1996) identified the factors of poor site management and supervision that contribute to causes of delays. In construction industry, some of the project team a lack of management and supervision due team member without any experience and skill such as hire person who are fresh graduate. Once they facing problem but do not know how to solve it. Besides that, some of the supervisor did not cooperation with their team member due to lack of communicated. Finally, because of cannot solve the problem immediately the whole project influence delay. 2.3.3 Causes of Consultant Related Delays Figure 2.5 Factors of consultant related delays 2.3.3.1 Inadequate consultant experience According to Long, et al. (2004) studied the factors of inadequate consultant experience as contributors to causes of delays. In construction industry, they are many consultants carry out their work without experience. Besides that, there are many causes of a consultant without experience which include different site conditions, mismanagement and maladministration, site access restrictions, defective plan and/or specification. For instances, some of the architects only concentrated in certain part of building and do not have any experience in other type. Once architect design on that particular type of building without experiences, he will facing a lot of mistake and no ideas during design and because of this architect will delay issue the drawing. Finally, the works cannot process and it will affect the whole project delay. 2.3.3.2 Poor design and delay in design According to Ogunlana, et al.(1996) mentioned the factors of poor design and delay in design that contribute to causes of delays in construction project. Design is every important to any project, without good design the whole project will influence delay. It is because in a project if facing poor design that will facing demolish and rebuilt again. This problem happens because of the designer lack of experience. For instance, an architect designs a column in the middle of classroom. Once the contractor without any experience and construct the work exactly shown in the drawing. Finally 2.3.3.3 Incomplete drawing and detail design Long, et al. (2004) identified the factors of incomplete drawing and detail design as contributors to causes of delays. Ogunlana, et al. (1996) studied the factors of incomplete drawing and detail design that contribute to causes of delays in construction project. During construction, the contractor is carrying out the work but because of drawing is unclear and none very detail shown in the drawing. He could not continue the work with problem, so the works have to stop immediately until get more detail of that particular drawing from consultant responds. Because of without detail drawing the work could not be progress, so it will affect the tat particular work delay and it will also influence the whole project delay. 2.3.4 Causes of labour related delays Figure 2.6 Factors of labour related delays 2.3.4.1 Labour supply Abd Majid and McCaffer (1998) identified the factors of slow labor supply that contribute to causes of delays. Odeh and Bataineh (2002) in their research identified à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the factors of labor supply as contributors to causes of delays. Besides material, the labour also consider as major source in the construction industry. Generally, labour are categories into two groups such as skilled workers and unskilled workers. In construction industry without labour project could not run. For instance, during construction, materials are ready to but no worker carrying out the work. During the same time because of no worker to progress of work, the project will confront project delay. 2.3.4.2 Shortage of skilled worker According to Chan and Kumaraswamy (1996) mentioned the factor of shortage of skill labor is the most important factor that contributed to causes of delays. Skilled worker is a worker who has some special skill, knowledge and ability in his job and also gets highest pay such as plasterer, carpenter, painter, and concreter. Those skilled workers are learning the skills on the job. In construction, some contractors do not hire skilled workers because of higher labour cost and he employs some unskilled workers. At the same time skilled workers do not want get the job from the contractor with lower labour cost. Finally the unskilled workers could not complete the work on time. So, because of shortage of skilled worker affect whole project delay. 2.3.4.3 Labor of productivity According to Ogunlana, et al. (1996) studied the factor of labor productivity having high influence to causes of delays. Labor of productivity; generally define as output per labour hour. There are many factors that influence on the labour productivity. One of the factors is workers experience, labour with high experience and high skills in field leads to high performance at workplace. Besides that, attitude also will affect productivity of labour. For instance, a worker can lay one meter square per hour but because of lazy. Finally he using three hours to finish laid the brick wall. Because of this factor, the progress work delay and it will also influence the whole project delay. 2.3.5 Causes of Material related Delay Figure 2.7 Factors of material related delay 2.3.5.1 Shortage of construction materials Koushki, et al. (2005) mentioned that, factor shortage of construction material that contribute to causes of delays. Ogunlana, et al. (1996) identified the factor of shortage of material as a factor to causes of delay. Chan and Kumaraswamy (1996) studied that factors shortage of material as contributors that contribute to causes of delays. Abd Majid and McCaffer (1998) identified the factor of shortage of material that contribute to causes of delays. Material shortage is a potential source of construction delay. The major causes of material shortage is demand exceed supply. In construction have a lot type of material and the three main courses are cement, formwork and steel bar. Besides that, material is one of the main sources in construction industry. It is because without material project cannot construct. If a project facing the material shortage problem will be delay. For instance, a project having shortage ceramic tiles even though the labours ready for tiling. In this situatio n, the project will facing delay project. 2.3.5.2 Late delivery of materials Ogunlana, et al. (1996) identified the factor of late delivery of material as a factor to causes of delay. Abd Majid and McCaffer (1998) studied the factor of late delivery of material that contribute to causes of delays. Late delivery of material as a supplier fault due to high market demand; however the long procedure of the purchasing order from head office was complained. In construction, it factor is similar to the material shortage such as the labour ready for work but no material to do their work. Once contractor cannot receive the material on time that will be delay work and it will also affect project delay. For example, workers want to install the windows but without frame because of late delivery to site. So, the work will be delay and it will affect project delay. 2.3.5.3 Poor quality of construction materials Koushki, et al. (2005) mentioned that factor poor quality of material that contribute to causes of delays. Ogunlana, et al. (1996) identified the factor of poor quality of material as a factor to causes of delay. Abd Majid and McCaffer (1998) studied the factor of poor quality of material that contribute to causes of delays. Poor quality of material is construct building with using poor quality of material. The contractor has intention to cheat owner to earn more profit by change the quality of material such as concrete. For instance, a contractor cast a column with using Y 20 steel bar but actual in contract drawing is Y 25. After site staff done the inspection for this column and found that the steel bar inside column is Y 20 and ask contractor demolish the column to rebuild. In this case, time taken to rebuild the column will also affect project delay. 2.3.5.4 Escalation of material prices Ogunlana, et al. (1996) identified the factor of escalation of material prices as a factor to causes of delay. Wiguna and Scoot (2005) studied the factor of escalation of material prices was one factor that contribute to causes of delays. Escalation of material prices will cause shortage material in construction. It is because the market rate is keeping increasing. Some of the contractor does not buy the expensive material. During same time, the construction without material cannot run so the project will influence the project delay. For instance, a contractor because of material cost of market demands higher and does not make any order for material until material shortage. Finally, the construction cannot run without material and it will affect delay project also. 2.3.6 Causes of Equipment Related Delays Figure 2.8 Factors of Equipment related delays 2.3.6.1 Insufficient number of equipment According to Ogunlana, et al. (1998) identified the factors of insufficient numbers of equipment is the most significant factors that contribute to causes of delays. In construction stage, contractors are facing not enough machinery to produce work. It is because some of the contractors do not have a large capital to purchase that machinery due to higher cost. Once the projects carry out with not enough machinery, it will influence whole project delay. For instance, there are two works to be done by using towel crane but in site only one towel crane available. Finally, two of work could not be done at the same time due to not enough towel cranes. 2.3.6.2 Frequent equipment breakdown McCaffer (1998) studied the factors of equipment breakdown as contributors to causes of delays. Ogunlana, et al. (1998) mentioned the factor of frequent equipment breakdown is the most significant factors that contribute to causes of delays. In construction industry, some of the machinery always breakdown due to improper using by worker such as do not follow the instruction. For instance, machinery only can support for five hundred kilograms of material but during worker using that machinery and his carry out six hundred kilograms of material. Finally, the machinery will breakdown. Once machinery breakdown, the work will be stop immediately and affect some work delay. Finally, because of machinery breakdown the whole project will also influence delay. 2.3.6.3 Shortage of Equipment Parts According to Chan and Kumaraswamy (1996) identified the factor of shortage of equipment parts that contribute to causes of delays. After machinery breakdown, the technical carry out the repair work for the breakdown of equipment. During the same time, some part of machinery none have stock in market. Because of no spare part to repair the machinery, some of the works facing stop progress immediately. Consequently, it will influence whole project to be delay. 2.3.7 Causes of Financial Related Delays Figure 2.9 Factors of Financial related delays 2.3.7.1 Clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial difficulties According to Chan and Kumaraswamy (1996) identified the factors of clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial difficulties as contributor to causes of delays. During the construction, client will face some financial problem arise from unanticipated emergencies or financial mismanagement such as global financial crisis. Besides that, a client proposes a new development without borrow term loan or bridging loan from the bank. On the other hand, improper cost planning is a most serious problem for those clients facing in current delay project. For instance, during pre-construction stage a client do not planning cost properly and he will facing a lot of problem in construction stage such as no enough capital to pay contractor payment. Finally, because of contractor did not receive payment to influence whole project delay. 2.3.7.2 Delay payment to suppliers/subcontractor According to Abd Majid and McCaffer (1998) mentioned the factors of inadequate fund allocation and delay payment to subcontractor/suppliers as contributor to causes of delays in construction project. Due to sub- contractor do not take their responsibility to done the work on time. The contractor will delay the payment until they complete the job. But at the same time, the sub-contractor refuse to work because of not yet receive payment. As a consequently, the whole project will be influence delay due to sub-contractor refuse to work. 2.3.7.3 Contractorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial difficulties According to Ogunlana, et al. (1996) studied the factors of contractorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial difficulties having high influence to causes of delays. Poor financial management has been known as one of the factors why certain project cannot complete within contract period. Because of contractor lack of experience and could not manage their capital properly. On the other hand, because of delay payment by client contractor not enough money to cover up all sub-contractors and suppliers payment. Finally, the sub-contractor and suppliers refuse to work and supply material to the site and because of this factor the whole will influence delay. 2.3.8 Causes of External Related Delays Figure 2.10 Factors of external related delays 2.3.8.1 Weather condition Odeh and Battaineh (2002) identified the factors of weather condition as contributors to causes of delays. Long, et al. (2004) mentioned factors weather condition as factors ofexternal related delays. AL-Momani (2000) studied the factor of weather condition as contributors to causes of delays in construction project. During the construction period, weather is a factor to influence the whole project delay. It because weather condition that interfere with planned activities. Some activities can process but other cannot. For instances, during the worker cast the ground floor slab, but because of raining that particular work to be delay. 2.3.8.2 Slow site clearance According to Long, et al. (2004) identified factors of slow site clearance as factors of external related delays. During begin of construction stage, the responsibility party should have to carry out their work for site clearance immediately. Without clearance the site construction work cannot process. In some delay project found that, the third party did not take their responsibility to finish the site clearance within the period. Consequently, the whole project delay because of site clearance works delay. 2.4 Effect of Delays According to Aibinu and Jagboro (2002) identified the effects of construction delays on project delivery in Nigerian construction industry. They also said that the six major effects of delays follow by rank which include time overrun, cost overrun, dispute, arbitration, litigation, and total abandonment as shown in the Table 2.11 Effects of Delay Rank Time overrun 1 Cost overrun 2 Dispute 3 Arbitration 4 Litigation 5 Total Abandonment 6 Source : Aibinu and Jagboro (2002) Table 2.11 The effect of delays 2.4.1 Time overrun Time overrun it mean contractor could not carry out their work within contract period. In generally, time overrun can be categories into two group which include excusable delays and non-excusable. Once the project facing time overrun, it will affect the progress of work cannot finish on time. Besides that, the fault party will take the responsibility to pay the relevant parties for damages because of delay. For instance, during the project almost completed, but at the same time contractor because of exceptionally implement weather cannot completed the project within contract period. In this situation the contractor entitle to claim extension of time. On the other hand, if that contractor cannot complete the work within contract period due to his own fault. So the contractor no entitle to claim extension of time and he need to pay liquated damages. As stated in Persatuan Arkitek Malaysia form 2006 (PAM form 2006), which certain clauses stating about the damages by employer due to this event. It stated that in clauses below. 2.3.1.1 Clause 22.1 Liquidated Damage and Certificate of Non-Completion If the contractor fails to complete the works by the Completion Date, and the architect is of the opinion that the same ought reasonably so to have been completed, the architect shall issue a certificate of Non-completion. Upon the issuance of the certificate of Non-Completion the contractor shall pay or allow to the Employer a sum calculated at the rate stated in the Appendix as Liquidated Damages for the period from the Completion Date to the Date of Practical Completion. The Employer may recover such sum from the Performance Bond. The Employer shall inform the contractor in writing of such deduction or such debt due to from the contractor. The imposition of Liquated Damages by the Employer shall not be taken into account by the Architect in the issuance of payment certificates and Final Certificate, and is not subject to the set-off procedures under clause 30.4 and adjudication. 2.3.1.2 Clause 23.1 Submission of notice and particulars for extension of time If the Contractor is of the opinion that the completion of the Work is or will be delayed beyond the completion Date by any of the Relevant Event stated in Clause 23.8, he may apply for an extension of time provided always that 2.3.1.3 Clause 23.8 Relevant Events Exceptionally implement weather 2.4.2 Cost overrun During construction stages, the client and contractor always facing of cost overrun. Cost overrun  is an unexpected  cost  incurred in excess of a budgeted amount, due to  cost underestimation. Cost overrun is related to time overrun, once a project cannot be done in time, it will also affect the cost of project over budget. Commonly, cost overrun always happen due to contractor own fault such as inaccurate of cost estimate and he need to take responsibility to pay owner loss and expense. For instance, a contractor because of improper cost planning due to cost overrun. Finally, the owner set of his loss and expense from the contractor interim payment. 2.4.3 Dispute In construction industry, some of project delay because of dispute between contractual parties such as client, consultants, contractor and some relevant parties. Those disputes because of client failure make payment to the contractor. Once dispute happen, the relevant parties will go through with mediation. The mediator will make a decision to solve the problem. But if one of the parties does not accept the decision made by mediator, the parties will appeal the decision with arbitrator. If both parties accept the decision and the fault parties will take responsibility to pay damages for project delay. 2.4.4 Arbitration In current delay project, some of the contractual parties do not accept the mediator decision and they appeal in arbitration. Arbitrator will also make the decision to solve the problem. But if one of the parties does not accept the decision again made by Arbitrator, they still can appeal the decision in litigation. 2.4.5 Litigation In some delay project, the relevant parties because of still do not accept with the arbitrator decision. They are appeal the result in litigation which is dispute resolution in the courts. In litigation, the parties have a trial either by a court alone or by jury. If those parties are not satisfied judgment again, then they can appeal again if they have any new evidence to proof their right. But one the parties accept with the judgment, the faulty of parties need take responsibility to pay the penalty 2.4.6 Total abandonment Total abandonment it means the whole project stop immediately because of client facing financial difficulties. Some of the current delay project totally abandoned because of clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s or contractor problem which include clients bankruptcy, contractor run away, poor marketing and sales strategies and so on. The effect of project totally abandoned will affect many parties such as contractual parties which include contractor, consultant, sub-contractor, supplier and some other relevant parties. Besides those parties, the purchasers will also suffer in cost damages due to project abandoned. 2.5 Methods of minimizing construction delays According to Nguyen, et al. (2004), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“studied the factors that can be applied as a method of minimizing of construction delays as follows: competent project manager; frequent progress meeting; accurate initial cost estimates; accurate initial time estimates; awarding bids to the right/experience consultant and contractor.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During pre-construction stage, a client should employ a depth knowledge project manager to organize a good project team member to progress the work. Besides that, the project team member should be always discussing with the problem having during the site progress. On the other hand, contractor should be employs some employee with experience such as quantity surveyor. So that, during the time or cost estimate they can add on some unforeseen event to avoid the cost and time overrun. Furthermore, the developer should be hire some experience consultant and contractor.iot is because once they facing problem, they can refer previous project to so lve the problem immediately. So, the project can process with smoothly. According to Aibinu and Jagboro (2002), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“identified two methods to minimize or if possible eliminate time overrun were: acceleration of site activities, and contingency allowance.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During construction stages, the contractor should carry out his responsibility to make sure the work progress can complete in time. If found that work progress are not equal to the estimate schedule. The contractor may carry out with acceleration such as hire additional worker. Besides that, the client may allow contractor standby some extra cost for unforeseen event such as accidents. According to Koushki, et al. (2005), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“revealed that the minimization of time delays and cost overruns would require: ensure adequate and available source of finance until project completion; ensure timely delivery of materials.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? During pre-construction, a client may prepare a good cash flow within the contract period. Once the client does not enough money to cover up construction cost, he can borrow a term loan or bridging loan from the bank to cover the cost until the whole project completed. It will avoid project delay due to client not enough capital. Besides that, the contractors make sure that material are order with a reliable suppliers and can receive it on time. Acco

Common Sense and Conflict Essay -- Walt Disney Company Michael Eisner

Common Sense and Conflict Michael Eisner is an American entertainment executive, whose leadership in the 1980s and 1990s revitalized the Walt Disney Company. Born in New York City, Eisner was educated at Denison University, where he studied literature and theater. After graduating in 1964, he worked for six weeks as a clerk at NBC and then briefly in the programming department at CBS. His career crystallized at ABC, which he joined as a programming assistant in 1966 and where he spent the next ten years, ultimately becoming senior vice president of prime-time production and development. Eisner's rise through the corporate ranks was paralleled by ABC's leap from third place to first place in the network viewing ratings. In 1976 he was named president and CEO of Paramount Pictures. During his eight-year tenure the motion-picture studio moved from last place to first place among the six major studios. In 1984 Eisner left Paramount to become chairman and chief executive of Walt Disney Productions (renamed the W alt Disney Company in 1986). Eisner admired Walt Disney and was especially interested in children's programming and family entertainment. The company's success included several feature-length animated films in the Disney tradition. Michael Eisner was an optimistic person and he was well known for being a genius in creativity. He has made Disney a company that is built on a strong combination of institutionalized creativeness that constantly produces potent ideas, and also having common sense. One question that we must ask ourselves is how does Michael Eisner have such good leadership. Well as he describes in his interview, he says that being a leader requires 4 main parts: being an example, being there, being a nudge and finally being an idea generator. There are many things that I agree upon in Michael Eisner’s way of having leadership in a company. One thing that I strongly agree on is that he has situated his company in being an â€Å"idea generator†, which to me is so powerful in a company. When setting your company to be an â€Å"idea generator†, you must have a loose environment so people are not afraid to speak their thoughts and ideas. He strongly encourages this type of behavior within his company. From seeing this way of leadership also shows me that the culture at Walt Disney is fun oriented, exciting and loose. Having this type o... ...hat is spread out across the top and not just the very top. Eisner says that he focuses on the 40 people that he interacts with everyday. That is good because it shows to those people that you truly care about them and they feel wanted. The other leaders in the organization focus on other groups of people. Disney’s management teams are always moving around the entire world but they stay focused on what is most important to them. Eisner says that he wishes that he could be there for every signal person in his organization whenever someone needed help. But unfortunately, that can’t happen but that just goes to show you how committed Michael Eisner is and also why he is so powerful as a leader. To me, being a nudge in an organization can be an ok thing, but at the same time it is very disturbing to employees. Eisner feels that being a nudge constantly reminds people of their ideas and what they need to do. That is true but the way he inputs it into the organization can be very frustrating to others. Eisner says that he does not keep many notes, which he should because that way you know at all times what needs to be done today and also what may need to be done in a week.